{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T17:38:37Z","timestamp":1779903517152,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,6]],"date-time":"2022-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670284800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Natural antioxidants derived from plants have played a vital role in preventing a wide range of human chronic conditions and provide novel bioactive leads for investigators in pharmacotherapy discovery. This work was designed to examine the ethnopharmacological role of Urtica dioica (UD), Capsella bursa-pastoris (CBP), and Inula racemosa (IR). The total phenolic and flavonoid contents (TPC and TFC) were illustrated through colorimetric assays, while the antioxidant activity was investigated through DPPH and ABTS assays. The evaluation of phytochemicals by FT-IR of UD and CBP revealed high contents of aliphatic amines, while IR showed a major peak for ketones. The antioxidant activity, TPC and TFC were highest in the ethanol extract of UD, followed by CBP, and IR showed the lowest activity. All of the extracts revealed significant antioxidant capacities along a dosage gradient. Through a HPLC analysis at a wavelength of 280 nm, UD leaves demonstrated an intense peak of quercetin, and the peak for rutin was less intense. CBP (whole plant), instead, demonstrated a major yield of rutin, and a peak for quercetin was not observed in CBP. IR (rhizomes) showed both quercetin and rutin. All of the extracts were significantly cytotoxic to HepG2 cells after 48 h with the trend IR &gt; UD &gt; CBP. The outcomes of this study may be effective in the selection of specific plants as realistic sources of the bioactive components that might be useful in the nutraceutical progression and other biomedical efficacies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27238629","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,7]],"date-time":"2022-12-07T04:38:54Z","timestamp":1670387934000},"page":"8629","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Appraisal of the Antioxidant Activity, Polyphenolic Content, and Characterization of Selected Himalayan Herbs: Anti-Proliferative Potential in HepG2 Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6707-1044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sumaira","family":"Yousuf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shabnam","family":"Shabir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simran","family":"Kauts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tarun","family":"Minocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Institute of Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2678-4424","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmad A.","family":"Obaid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anmar A.","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8630-3963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdulrahman","family":"Mujalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4809-9743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yahya F.","family":"Jamous","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center of Vaccines and Bio Processing, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 12354, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7449-4651","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Almaghrabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Center of Innovations in Personalized Medicine (CIPM), King Abdulaziz University, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3866-6935","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bandar K.","family":"Baothman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1129-6930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed","family":"Hjazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Ab dulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0022-6240","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandeep K.","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Scientific Education and Technology Foundation, Lucknow 226002, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3376-2058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emanuel","family":"Vamanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 011464 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6237-7191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahendra P.","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India"},{"name":"Department of Zoology, DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur 273009, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1097\/WOX.0b013e3182439613","article-title":"Oxidative stress and antioxidant defense","volume":"5","author":"Birben","year":"2012","journal-title":"World Allergy Organ. J."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101968","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2021.101968","article-title":"Oxidative damage to hyaluronan\u2013CD44 interactions as an underlying mechanism of action of oxidative stress-inducing cancer therapy","volume":"43","author":"Yusupov","year":"2021","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/2191-2858-2-34","article-title":"Free radical scavenging properties of pyrimidine derivatives","volume":"2","author":"Bano","year":"2012","journal-title":"Org. Med. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"511","article-title":"Ameliorative role of nutraceuticals on neurodegenerative diseases using the Drosophila melanogaster as a discovery model to define bioefficacy","volume":"41","author":"Himalian","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Am. Nutr. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.52711\/0974-360X.2022.00197","article-title":"A Comparative account on Antioxidant activities, Total phenolic and Flavonoid contents of Punicagranatum, Carica papaya, Foeniculumvulgare, Trigonellafoenum-graecum, and Urticadioica: An in vitro Evaluation","volume":"15","author":"Himalian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Res. J. Pharm. Technol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yousuf, S., Shabir, S., and Singh, M.P. (2022). Protection against Drug-Induced Liver Injuries through Nutraceuticals via Amelioration of Nrf-2 Signaling. J. Am. Nutr. Assoc., ahead of print.","DOI":"10.1080\/27697061.2022.2089403"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4274","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-022-02846-y","article-title":"Contributive Role of Hyperglycemia and Hypoglycemia toward the Development of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"59","author":"Chakrabarty","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.129499","article-title":"A review of dietary phytochemicals and their relation to oxidative stress and human diseases","volume":"271","author":"Guan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2017.11.002","article-title":"Oxidative stress and dietary phytochemicals: Role in cancer chemoprevention and treatment","volume":"413","author":"Chikara","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e09717","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2022.e09717","article-title":"Nutritional and pharmacological importance of stinging nettle (Urtica dioica L.): A review","volume":"8","author":"Bhusal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shabir, S., Yousuf, S., Singh, S.K., Vamanu, E., and Singh, M.P. (2022). Ethnopharmacological Effects of Urtica dioica, Matricaria chamomilla, and Murraya koenigii on Rotenone-Exposed D. melanogaster: An Attenuation of Cellular, Biochemical, and Organismal Markers. Antioxidants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11081623"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114613","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114613","article-title":"Ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, agrotechnology, and conservation of Inula racemosa Hook f.\u2014A critically endangered medicinal plant of the western Himalaya","volume":"283","author":"Rathore","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2100432","DOI":"10.1002\/biot.202100432","article-title":"Green and eco-friendly biosynthesis of selenium nanoparticles using Urtica dioica (stinging nettle) leaf extract: Antimicrobial and anticancer activity","volume":"17","author":"Hashem","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biotechnol. J."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114783","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114783","article-title":"Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medic. Extract alleviates cataract development by regulating the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway of the lens epithelial cells","volume":"284","author":"Xie","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.111231","article-title":"A comprehensive review of anticancer mechanisms of action of alantolactone","volume":"136","author":"Babaei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Esposito, S., Bianco, A., Russo, R., Di Maro, A., Isernia, C., and Pedone, P.V. (2019). Therapeutic perspectives of molecules from Urtica dioica extracts for cancer treatment. Molecules, 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24152753"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2021.11.027","article-title":"Interventional study with vitamin E in cardiovascular disease and meta-analysis","volume":"178","author":"Violi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-021-02624-2","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction in arsenic-induced hepatotoxicity: Pathogenic and therapeutic implications","volume":"200","author":"Prakash","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Elem. Res."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.117240","article-title":"Lyciumbarbarum polysaccharides attenuate kidney injury in septic rats by regulating Keap1-Nrf2\/ARE pathway","volume":"242","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1080\/15287394.2018.1491911","article-title":"Pouteria ramiflora (Mart.) Radlk. Extract: Flavonoids quantification and chemopreventive effect on HepG2 cells","volume":"81","author":"Tuttis","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2017.04.119","article-title":"Methionine sulfoxide reductase A protects hepatocytes against acetaminophen-induced toxicity via regulation of thioredoxin reductase 1 expression","volume":"487","author":"Singh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2017.09.020","article-title":"Selenoprotein MsrB1 deficiency exacerbates acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity via increased oxidative damage","volume":"634","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2021.129491","article-title":"Pigments, ascorbic acid, total polyphenols and antioxidant capacities in deetiolated barley (Hordeum vulgare) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) microgreens","volume":"354","author":"Niroula","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2018.05.003","article-title":"Bamboo: A rich source of natural antioxidants and its applications in the food and pharmaceutical industry","volume":"77","author":"Nirmala","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-4337.12386","article-title":"Use of natural antioxidants in the inhibition of cholesterol oxidation: A review","volume":"17","author":"Ferreira","year":"2018","journal-title":"Compreh. Rev. Food Sci. Food Saf."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hoang, H.T., Moon, J.Y., and Lee, Y.C. (2021). Natural Antioxidants from Plant Extracts in Skincare Cosmetics: Recent Applications, Challenges, and Perspectives. Cosmetics, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/cosmetics8040106"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Danciu, C., Zupko, I., Bor, A., Schwiebs, A., Radeke, H., Hancianu, M., Cioanca, O., Alexa, E., Oprean, C., and Bojin, F. (2018). Botanical therapeutics: Phytochemical screening and biological assessment of chamomile, parsley and celery extracts against A375 human melanoma and dendritic cells. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19113624"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.09.001","article-title":"Phytoestrogenic effect of Inula racemosa Hook f\u2014A cardioprotective root drug in traditional medicine","volume":"210","author":"Kalachaveedu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.38150\/sajeb.10(6).p427-437","article-title":"Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, and HPLC-PDA-ESI-MS profile of phenolic extract of Urtica dioica L.","volume":"10","author":"Meryem","year":"2020","journal-title":"SAJEB"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2018.05.043","article-title":"Silver ion chromatography for peak resolution enhancement: Application to the preparative separation of two sesquiterpenes using online heart-cutting LC-LC technique","volume":"187","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1584","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cclet.2021.09.046","article-title":"Endogenous peroxynitrite activated fluorescent probe for revealing anti-tuberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity","volume":"33","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chin. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"102","article-title":"Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of aqueous extract of stinging nettle and in vitro antiproliferative effect on HeLa and BT-474 Cell lines","volume":"3","author":"Fattahi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Cell. Med."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.2174\/2210290601203010038","article-title":"Antioxidant, hepatoprotective, and anthelmintic activities of methanol extract of Urtica dioica L. Leaves","volume":"3","author":"Kataki","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pharm. Crop."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2003.09.028","article-title":"Antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiulcer and analgesic activities of nettle (Urtica dioica L.)","volume":"90","author":"Oktay","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e03938","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e03938","article-title":"Effect of drying methods on chemical composition and antioxidant activity of underutilized stinging nettle leaves","volume":"6","author":"Shonte","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564367","DOI":"10.1100\/2012\/564367","article-title":"Phenolic compounds analysis of root, stalks, and leaves of nettle","volume":"2012","author":"Otles","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci. World J."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hong, S., Pangloli, P., Perumal, R., Cox, S., Noronha, L.E., Dia, V.P., and Smolensky, D. (2020). A comparative study on phenolic content, antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory capacity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of sorghum in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. Antioxidants, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9121297"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1925","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.4402","article-title":"Isolation and identification of an antioxidant flavonoid compound from citrus-processing by-product","volume":"91","author":"Yang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food Agric."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.02.053","article-title":"Phytochemical analysis and differential in vitro cytotoxicity assessment of root extracts of Inula racemosa","volume":"89","author":"Mohan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"207","article-title":"Plant genotype affects total antioxidant capacity and phenolic contents in fruit","volume":"21","author":"Scalzo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutritio"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.5530\/pj.2017.6.149","article-title":"Phytochemical screening, GC\u2013MS, FT-IR analysis of methanolic extract of Curcuma caesiaRoxb (Black Turmeric)","volume":"9","author":"Pakkirisamy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pharmacogn. J."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1007\/s11738-018-2747-z","article-title":"Cold stress induces biochemical changes, fatty acid profile, antioxidant system and gene expression in Capsella bursa pastoris L.","volume":"40","author":"Wani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Physiol. Plant"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1002\/ffj.3604","article-title":"Inula racemosa and Digitalis purpurea from Kashmir: Fatty acid composition, antioxidant, antibacterial activities, and functional group evaluation","volume":"35","author":"Rauf","year":"2020","journal-title":"Flavour Fragr. J."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1007\/s10600-020-02989-1","article-title":"Isolation, Chemical Transformation, and Antifungal Potential of Sesquiterpene Lactones from Inula Racemosa","volume":"56","author":"Kaur","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Nat. Compd."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hermed.2017.05.003","article-title":"Antibacterial potential of Urtica dioica and Lavandula angustifolia extracts against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from diabetic foot ulcers","volume":"10","author":"Aires","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Herb. Med."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2017.04.058","article-title":"Rutin alleviates chronic unpredictable stress-induced behavioral alterations and hippocampal damage in mice","volume":"656","author":"Parashar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.21065\/19204159.7.98","article-title":"Antioxidant potential and total phenolic content of Urtica dioica (whole plant)","volume":"7","author":"Semwal","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Appl. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjche.2015.05.002","article-title":"Capsella bursa-pastoris extract as an eco-friendly inhibitor on the corrosion of Q235 carbon steels in 1 mol\u00b7 L\u2212 1 hydrochloric acid","volume":"23","author":"Hu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chin. J. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"ref_49","first-page":"174","article-title":"Antioxida\u010dn\u00ed aktivita extrakt\u016f a HPLC anal\u00fdza flavonoid\u016f Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik [Antioxidant activity of extracts and HPLC analysis of flavonoids from Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik]","volume":"62","author":"Svajdlenka","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ceska Slov. Farm."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14964-1","article-title":"Hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"362","author":"Llovet","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_51","first-page":"863","article-title":"Hepatocellular carcinoma: A comprehensive review of biomarkers, clinical aspects, and therapy","volume":"18","author":"Tunissiolli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.2174\/1871520620666200311095836","article-title":"Urtica dioica extract inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in HepG2 and HTC116 as gastrointestinal cancer cell lines","volume":"20","author":"Kardan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem. Anticancer Agents"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2019.04.004","article-title":"Advances in phytochemical delivery systems for improved anticancer activity","volume":"38","author":"Lagoa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Adv."},{"key":"ref_54","first-page":"477","article-title":"The role of oxidative stress in anticancer activity of sesquiterpene lactones","volume":"388","author":"Gach","year":"2015","journal-title":"NSAPCC"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.06.131","article-title":"Application of sesquiterpene lactone: A new promising way for cancer therapy based on anticancer activity","volume":"106","author":"Aliarab","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1817","DOI":"10.1080\/01496395.2016.1178774","article-title":"The effect of extraction techniques on yield, extraction kinetics, and antioxidant activity of aqueous-methanolic extracts from nettle (Urtica dioica L.) leaves","volume":"51","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sep. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2005.03.015","article-title":"Extraction of active ingredients from green tea (Camellia sinensis): Extraction efficiency of major catechins and caffeine","volume":"96","author":"Knez","year":"2006","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.687","article-title":"Screening of Brazilian plant extracts for antioxidant activity by the use of DPPH free radical method","volume":"15","author":"Mensor","year":"2001","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(98)00315-3","article-title":"Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay","volume":"26","author":"Re","year":"1999","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(99)99017-1","article-title":"[14] Analysis of total phenols and other oxidation substrates and antioxidants by means of folin-ciocalteu reagent","volume":"299","author":"Singleton","year":"1999","journal-title":"Meth. Enzymol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/S0308-8146(98)00102-2","article-title":"The determination of flavonoid contents in mulberry and their scavenging effects on superoxide radicals","volume":"64","author":"Zhishen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.179","article-title":"Extraction of a novel water-soluble gum from nettle (Urtica dioica) seeds: Optimization and characterization","volume":"162","author":"Kutlu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4748","DOI":"10.1021\/jf0104681","article-title":"HPLC\u2212 DAD\u2212 ESIMS analysis of phenolic compounds in nectarines, peaches, and plums","volume":"49","author":"Gil","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Agri. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-022-00964-6","article-title":"Melatonin induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in cervical cancer cells via inhibition of NF-\u03baB pathway","volume":"30","author":"Minocha","year":"2022","journal-title":"Inflammopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10041","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-89437-4","article-title":"Phytochemical and antioxidant analysis of medicinal and food plants towards bioactive food and pharmaceutical resources","volume":"11","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_66","first-page":"9","article-title":"Multivariate statistical techniques for the analysis of instrumental and sensorial datasets: The case of aromas and their perception in wines","volume":"II","year":"2013","journal-title":"AgroLife Sci. J."}],"container-title":["Molecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/27\/23\/8629\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:35:10Z","timestamp":1760146510000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/27\/23\/8629"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,6]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"23","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["molecules27238629"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules27238629","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-3049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1420-3049","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,6]]}}}