{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T15:27:27Z","timestamp":1784042847955,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,9]],"date-time":"2022-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670544000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Bando per la promozione di progetti di investimento in attuazione dell\u2019art. 6","award":["D.G.R. n. 31\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D.G.R. n. 31\/2016"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hybrid bone substitute made up of a 3D printed polyetheretherketone (PEEK) scaffold coated with methacrylated hyaluronic acid (MeHA)-hydroxyapatite (HAp) hydrogel is the objective of the present work. Development and characterization of the scaffold and of the MeHA-HAp after its infiltration and UV photocrosslinking have been followed by analyses of its biological properties using human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Interconnected porous PEEK matrices were produced by fused deposition modeling (FDM) characterized by a reticular pattern with 0\u00b0\/90\u00b0 raster orientation and square pores. In parallel, a MeHA-HAp slurry has been synthesized and infiltrated in the PEEK scaffolds. The mechanical properties of the coated and pure PEEK scaffold have been evaluated, showing that the inclusion of MeHA-HAp into the lattice geometry did not significantly change the strength of the PEEK structure with Young\u2019s modulus of 1034.9 \u00b1 126.1 MPa and 1020.0 \u00b1 63.7 MPa for PEEK and PEEK-MeHA-HAp scaffolds, respectively. Human MSCs were seeded on bare and coated scaffolds and cultured for up to 28 days to determine the adhesion, proliferation, migration and osteogenic differentiation. In vitro results showed that the MeHA-HAp coating promotes MSCs adhesion and proliferation and contributes to osteogenic differentiation and extracellular matrix mineralization. This study provides an efficient solution for the development of a scaffold combining the great mechanical performances of PEEK with the bioactive properties of MeHA and HAp, having high potential for translational clinical applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27248749","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,12]],"date-time":"2022-12-12T04:34:20Z","timestamp":1670819660000},"page":"8749","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["PEEK and Hyaluronan-Based 3D Printed Structures: Promising Combination to Improve Bone Regeneration"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Letizia","family":"Ferroni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Cotignola, 48033 Ravenna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6142-059X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ugo","family":"D\u2019Amora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials\u2014National Research Council (IPCB-CNR), 80125 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Leo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Cotignola, 48033 Ravenna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Tremoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Cotignola, 48033 Ravenna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0516-4181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Grazia","family":"Raucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials\u2014National Research Council (IPCB-CNR), 80125 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6658-004X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfredo","family":"Ronca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials\u2014National Research Council (IPCB-CNR), 80125 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Ambrosio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials\u2014National Research Council (IPCB-CNR), 80125 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4779-4456","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara","family":"Zavan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/975842","article-title":"Silver Nanoparticles in Alveolar Bone Surgery Devices","volume":"2012","author":"Sivolella","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. 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