{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T10:26:27Z","timestamp":1769941587642,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,12]],"date-time":"2022-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670803200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>During the last decade there has been growing interest in the formulation of new cosmetic, food and pharmaceutical products containing natural compounds with antioxidant activity and other beneficial properties. Aromatic and medicinal plants have always been the major source of bioactive compounds, especially, wild thyme (Thymbra capitata L.), which has been used since ancient times for its valuable health benefits that could be attributed to the richness of polyphenolic compounds. This study was undertaken with the following aims: to estimate the total polyphenolic content (TPC); to evaluate the antioxidant activity; to identify and quantify the phenolic compounds of post-distilled residues of Tunisian thyme, and their contribution to the antioxidant activity. The TPC, as determined by the Folin\u2013Ciocalteu method, was found to reach the values of 126.7 and 107.84 mg gallic acid equivalent\/g plant dry weight (mg GAE\/g PDW). The antioxidant activity, which is assessed by DPPH and FRAP assays, reached the values of 42.97\u201345.64 \u03bcg\/mL and 42.22\u201350.21 mMFe2+\/mg PDW, respectively. HPLC analysis revealed the presence of fourteen polyphenolic compounds, of which diosmin and rosmarinic acid were found to be the most abundant (24.26 to 33.80 and 22.0.1 to 26.29 mg\/g PDW, respectively). An important correlation was found between the antioxidant activity and several identified phenolic compounds (p &lt; 0.05). The findings revealed that thyme post-distilled residues have an effective natural antioxidant potential due to their high concentration of bioactive molecules, and they appear to be useful in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries, with beneficial effects on human health. Therefore, supplementing a balanced diet with herbs may have beneficial health effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27248791","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,12]],"date-time":"2022-12-12T05:10:19Z","timestamp":1670821819000},"page":"8791","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Polyphenolic Profile of Tunisian Thyme (Thymbra capitata L.) Post-Distilled Residues: Evaluation of Total Phenolic Content and Phenolic Compounds and Their Contribution to Antioxidant Activity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Kheiria","family":"Hcini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biodiversity, Biotechnology and Climate Change Laboratory (LR11ES09), Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia"},{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, University Campus Sidi Ahmed Zarroug, University of Gafsa, Gafsa 2112, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1494-9834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abir","family":"Bahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Analysis, Treatment and Valorisation of Pollutants of the Environment and Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Monia Bendhifi","family":"Zarroug","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Engineering, Research Unit of Active Biomolecules Valorisation, Higher Institute of Applied Biology of Medenine , University of Gabes, Gabes 6029, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mouna Ben","family":"Farhat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire des PlantesExtr\u00eamophiles, Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj-C\u00e9dria, BP 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5749-3737","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio Abel","family":"Lozano-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biotecnolog\u00eda, Gen\u00f3mica y Mejora Vegetal, Instituto Murciano de Investigaci\u00f3n y DesarrolloAgrario y Medioambiental (IMIDA), La Alberca, 30150 Murcia, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto Murciano de Investigaci\u00f3nBiosanitaria (IMIB)-Arrixaca, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Luis","family":"Cenis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biotecnolog\u00eda, Gen\u00f3mica y Mejora Vegetal, Instituto Murciano de Investigaci\u00f3n y DesarrolloAgrario y Medioambiental (IMIDA), La Alberca, 30150 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Qu\u00edlez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Desarrollo Rural, Enolog\u00eda y Agricultura Sostenible, Instituto Murciano de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo Agrario y Medioambiental (IMIDA), La Alberca, 30150 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sondes","family":"Stambouli-Essassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biodiversity, Biotechnology and Climate Change Laboratory (LR11ES09), Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3523-4670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Jos\u00e9","family":"Jord\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Desarrollo Rural, Enolog\u00eda y Agricultura Sostenible, Instituto Murciano de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo Agrario y Medioambiental (IMIDA), La Alberca, 30150 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2007.11.046","article-title":"Antioxidative activity of Rosmarinus officinalis L. essential oil compared to its main componentes","volume":"108","author":"Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5165","DOI":"10.1021\/jf010697n","article-title":"Antioxidant Activity and Phenolic Compounds in Selected Herbs","volume":"49","author":"Zheng","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. 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