{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:15:29Z","timestamp":1791245729428,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,13]],"date-time":"2022-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670889600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Tecnol\u00f3gico Nacional de M\u00e9xico","award":["14174.22-P"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["14174.22-P"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The objective of the present work was to optimize the extraction of phytochemicals from Hamelia patens Jacq. by ultrasound-assisted extraction. Taguchi L9 orthogonal array was used to evaluate the factors solid\/liquid ratio (1:8, 1:12, and 1:16), extraction time (10, 20, and 30 min), and ethanol concentration (0, 35, and 70%). Total polyphenols were the response variable. Chromatographic fractionation using Amberlite XAD-16 was carried out and the total polyphenols, flavonoids, and condensed tannins were quantified. The redox potential, the reduction of the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and the lipid oxidation inhibition were determined. Anti-bacterial activity was evaluated. The phytochemicals were identified by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Optimal extraction conditions were a solid\/liquid ratio of 1:16, ethanol of 35%, and 10 min of ultrasound-assisted extraction. Maximum polyphenol content in the crude extract was 1689.976 \u00b1 86.430 mg of gallic acid equivalents (GAE)\/100 g of dried plant material. The purified fraction showed a total polyphenols content of 3552.84 \u00b1 7.25 mg of GAE, flavonoids 1316.17 \u00b1 0.27 mg of catechin equivalents, and condensed tannins 1694.87 \u00b1 22.21 mg of procyanidin B1 equivalents, all per 100 g of purified fraction. Its redox potential was 553.93 \u00b1 1.22 mV, reducing 63.08 \u00b1 0.42% of DPPH radical and inhibiting 77.78 \u00b1 2.78% of lipid oxidation. The polyphenols demonstrated antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Enterococcus faecalis. The HPLC-ESI-MS analysis revealed the presence of coumarins, hydroxycinnamic acids, and flavonoids.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27248845","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,13]],"date-time":"2022-12-13T04:00:11Z","timestamp":1670904011000},"page":"8845","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["The Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Polyphenols from Mexican Firecracker (Hamelia patens Jacq.): Evaluation of Bioactivities and Identification of Phytochemicals by HPLC-ESI-MS"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Mar\u00eda del Carmen","family":"Guti\u00e9rrez-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Estudios Profesionales Zona Huasteca, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de San Luis Potos\u00ed, Maestr\u00eda en Ciencias Bioqu\u00edmicas, Romualdo del Campo # 501 Fracc, Rafael Curiel, Ciudad Valles 79060, San Luis Potos\u00ed, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7983-9022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Aguilar-Z\u00e1rate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00edas, Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico de Ciudad Valles, Tecnol\u00f3gico Nacional de M\u00e9xico, Carretera al Ingenio Plan de Ayala Km. 2, Col. Vista Hermosa, Ciudad Valles 79010, San Luis Potos\u00ed, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1750-2467","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariela Ramona","family":"Michel-Michel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00edas, Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico de Ciudad Valles, Tecnol\u00f3gico Nacional de M\u00e9xico, Carretera al Ingenio Plan de Ayala Km. 2, Col. Vista Hermosa, Ciudad Valles 79010, San Luis Potos\u00ed, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6595-863X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Alberto","family":"Ascacio-Vald\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Blvd. V. Carranza e Ing, Jos\u00e9 C\u00e1rdenas Valdez S\/N, Saltillo 25280, Coahuila, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abigail","family":"Reyes-Mungu\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Estudios Profesionales Zona Huasteca, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de San Luis Potos\u00ed, Maestr\u00eda en Ciencias Bioqu\u00edmicas, Romualdo del Campo # 501 Fracc, Rafael Curiel, Ciudad Valles 79060, San Luis Potos\u00ed, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2022.10.048","article-title":"Comprehensive Metabolic Profiling of Acantholimon caryophyllaceum Using LC\u2013HRMS and Evaluation of Antioxidant Activities, Enzyme Inhibition Properties and Molecular Docking Studies","volume":"151","author":"Kiziltas","year":"2022","journal-title":"S. Afr. J. 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