{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T23:16:33Z","timestamp":1792106193268,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,17]],"date-time":"2022-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671235200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to establish the phytochemical profile of Glochidion\u00a0velutinum and its cytotoxic activity against prostate cancer (PC-3) and breast cancer (MCF-7) cell lines. The phytochemical composition of G. velutinum leaf extract and its fractions was established with the help of total phenolic and flavonoid contents and LC-MS\/MS-based metabolomics analysis. The crude methanolic extract and its fractions were studied for pharmacological activity against PC-3 and MCF-7 cell lines using the MTT assay. The total phenolic content of the crude extract and its fractions ranged from 44 to 859 \u00b5g GAE\/mg of sample whereas total flavonoid contents ranged from 20 to 315 \u00b5g QE\/mg of sample. A total of forty-eight compounds were tentatively dereplicated in the extract and its fractions. These phytochemicals included benzoic acid derivatives, flavans, flavones, O-methylated flavonoids, flavonoid O- and C-glycosides, pyranocoumarins, hydrolysable tannins, carbohydrate conjugates, fatty acids, coumarin glycosides, monoterpenoids, diterpenoids, and terpene glycosides. The crude extract (IC50 = 89 \u00b5g\/mL), the chloroform fraction (IC50 = 27 \u00b5g\/mL), and the water fraction (IC50 = 36 \u00b5g\/mL) were found to be active against the PC-3 cell line. However, the crude extract (IC50 = 431 \u00b5g\/mL), the chloroform fraction (IC50 = 222 \u00b5g\/mL), and the ethyl acetate fraction (IC50 = 226 \u00b5g\/mL) have shown prominent activity against breast cancer cells. Moreover, G. velutinum extract and its fractions presented negligible toxicity to normal macrophages at the maximum tested dose (600 \u00b5g\/mL). Among the compounds identified through LC-MS\/MS-based metabolomics analysis, epigallocatechin gallate, ellagic acid, isovitexin, and rutin were reported to have anticancer activity against both prostate and breast cancer cell lines and might be responsible for the cytotoxic activities of G. velutinum extract and its bioactive fractions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27249012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]],"date-time":"2022-12-19T09:05:09Z","timestamp":1671440709000},"page":"9012","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["LC-MS\/MS-Based Metabolomic Profiling of Constituents from Glochidion velutinum and Its Activity against Cancer Cell Lines"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Syed Luqman","family":"Shah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kashif","family":"Bashir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pak-Austria Fachhochschule, Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, Mang, Khanpur Road, Haripur 22650, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hafiz Majid","family":"Rasheed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamil Ur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Ikram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdul Jabbar","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamlah Ali","family":"Majrashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Sciences Department, College of Science and Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 21911, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8678-5029","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sulaiman Mohammed","family":"Alnasser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0258-7322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Farid","family":"Menaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology and Nanomedicine, California Innovations Corporation, San Diego, CA 92037, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taous","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc.2016.138","article-title":"Cell cycle proteins as promising targets in cancer therapy","volume":"17","author":"Otto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. 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