{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T21:16:10Z","timestamp":1777670170721,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,24]],"date-time":"2022-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671840000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"deanship of scientific research (DSR) at the University of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","award":["UJ-02-101-DR"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UJ-02-101-DR"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We investigated the roles of different concentrations of chemical synthetic spherical silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in protecting pepper seedlings of the Mecca region, which were naturally and artificially infected by the pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV). The virus shows many infection symptoms, including pepper leaf deformation with filiform leaves and severe mosaic symptoms. Our study focused on the antiviral activity of different concentrations of spherical nanoparticles in controlling PMMoV infecting pepper seedlings. PMMoV identification was confirmed via DAS-ELISA using the following antiserum: PMMoV, cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), tomato mosaic virus (ToMV), potato virus Y (PVY), and tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). The presence of PMMoV was confirmed using electron microscopy and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). We evaluated the effects of exogenously applied different concentrations of AgNPs on CMV infection rate, infection severity, virus concentration, and the concentrations of photosynthetic pigments chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoid content, phenolic compounds, and protein components in virus-infected plant cells that were treated with three different concentration of nanoparticles (200, 300, and 400 \u00b5g\/L) compared to the positive and negative control.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28010139","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,27]],"date-time":"2022-12-27T02:53:11Z","timestamp":1672109591000},"page":"139","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Controlling Pepper Mild Mottle Virus (PMMoV) Infection in Pepper Seedlings by Use of Chemically Synthetic Silver Nanoparticles"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0137-7550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esam K. F.","family":"Elbeshehy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21959, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5471-9606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wael M.","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt"},{"name":"Department of Biology, Quwayiyah College of Science and Humanities, Shaqra University, Riyadh 19257, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Areej A.","family":"Baeshen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21959, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsadv.2022.100284","article-title":"Iron oxide nanoparticles and their pharmaceutical applications","volume":"11","author":"Attia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl. 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