{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T19:59:10Z","timestamp":1792180750451,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,25]],"date-time":"2022-12-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671926400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31941014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31941014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022KJ126"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022KJ126"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019B020211003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019B020211003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Project of Swine Innovation Team in Guangdong Modern Agricultural Research System","award":["31941014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31941014"]}]},{"name":"Project of Swine Innovation Team in Guangdong Modern Agricultural Research System","award":["2022KJ126"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022KJ126"]}]},{"name":"Project of Swine Innovation Team in Guangdong Modern Agricultural Research System","award":["2019B020211003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019B020211003"]}]},{"name":"Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province","award":["31941014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31941014"]}]},{"name":"Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province","award":["2022KJ126"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022KJ126"]}]},{"name":"Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province","award":["2019B020211003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019B020211003"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes a viral disease in swine with a mortality rate of approximately 100%, threatening the global pig industry\u2019s economic development. However, vaccines are not yet commercially available, and other antiviral therapeutics, such as antiviral drugs, are urgently needed. In this study, berbamine hydrochloride, a natural bis-benzylisoquinoline alkaloid isolated from the traditional Chinese herb Berberis amurensis, showed significant antiviral activity against ASFV. The 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) of berbamine hydrochloride in porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) was 27.89 \u03bcM. The antiviral activity assay demonstrated that berbamine hydrochloride inhibits ASFV in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, a 4.14 log TCID50 decrease in the viral titre resulting from non-cytotoxic berbamine hydrochloride was found. Moreover, the antiviral activity of berbamine hydrochloride was maintained for 48h and took effect at multiplicities of infection (MOI) of 0.01, 0.1, and 1. The time-of-addition analysis revealed an inhibitory effect throughout the entire virus life-cycle. A subsequent viral entry assay verified that berbamine hydrochloride blocks the early stage of ASFV infection. Moreover, similar anti-ASFV activity of berbamine hydrochloride was also found in PK-15 and 3D4\/21 cells. In summary, these results indicate that berbamine hydrochloride is an effective anti-ASFV natural product and may be considered a novel antiviral drug.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28010170","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,27]],"date-time":"2022-12-27T02:55:07Z","timestamp":1672109707000},"page":"170","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Berbamine Hydrochloride Inhibits African Swine Fever Virus Infection In Vitro"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0346-0198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junhai","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"},{"name":"African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510642, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People\u2019s Republic of China, Guangzhou 510642, China"},{"name":"National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, National Development and Reform Commission of the People\u2019s Republic of China, Guangzhou 510642, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong, Guangzhou 510642, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lihong","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"},{"name":"African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510642, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People\u2019s Republic of China, Guangzhou 510642, China"},{"name":"National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, National Development and Reform Commission of the People\u2019s Republic of China, Guangzhou 510642, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong, Guangzhou 510642, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"},{"name":"African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510642, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People\u2019s Republic of China, Guangzhou 510642, China"},{"name":"National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, National Development and Reform Commission of the People\u2019s Republic of China, Guangzhou 510642, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weijun","family":"Jian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"},{"name":"African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510642, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People\u2019s Republic of China, Guangzhou 510642, China"},{"name":"National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, National Development and Reform Commission of the People\u2019s Republic of China, Guangzhou 510642, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huahan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"},{"name":"African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510642, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People\u2019s Republic of China, Guangzhou 510642, China"},{"name":"National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, National Development and Reform Commission of the People\u2019s Republic of China, Guangzhou 510642, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"},{"name":"African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510642, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People\u2019s Republic of China, Guangzhou 510642, China"},{"name":"National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, National Development and Reform Commission of the People\u2019s Republic of China, Guangzhou 510642, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong, Guangzhou 510642, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenbao","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"},{"name":"African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510642, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People\u2019s Republic of China, Guangzhou 510642, China"},{"name":"National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, National Development and Reform Commission of the People\u2019s Republic of China, Guangzhou 510642, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong, Guangzhou 510642, 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