{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T21:44:23Z","timestamp":1781732663864,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,3]],"date-time":"2023-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672704000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hazardous dyes in industrial wastewater are an internationally recognized issue for community health. Nanoparticles synthesized through green protocols are a fascinating research field with numerous applications. The current study mainly aimed to investigate the degradation of Congo red (CR) dye under UV light in the presence of H2O2 and the photocatalytic activity of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs). For CuONP formation, Citrus maxima extract contains a high number of phytochemical constituents. The size of CuONPs ranges between 25 and 90 nm. The photocatalytic activity of CuONPs with the addition of H2O2 was observed and analyzed under UV light to eliminate CR dye. The UV light caused the decomposition of H2O2, which produced \u00b7OH radicals. The results revealed a significant increment in dye degradation during the presence of H2O2. The effect of concentration on the degradation of the CR dye was also studied. The degradation pathway of organic pollutants was reputable from the hydroxy radical medicated degradation of CR. Advanced Oxidation Treatment depends on the in situ production of reactive \u00b7OH species and is presented as the most effective procedure for decontamination. The biological activity of CuONPs was evaluated against Escherichia coli\u00a0Bacillus subtillis, Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella flexenari, Acinetobacter\u00a0Klebsiella pneumonia, Salmonella typhi and Micrococcus luteus. The newly synthesised nanomaterials showed strong inhibition activity against Escherichia coli (45%), Bacillus subtilis (42%) and Acinetobacter species (25%). The activity of CuONPs was also investigated against different fungus species such as: Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, Candida glabrata, T. longifusus, M. Canis, C. glabrata and showed a good inhibition zone against Candida glabrata 75%, Aspergillus flavus 68%, T. longifusus 60%. The materials showed good activity against C. glaberata, A. flavus and T. longifusus. Furthermore, CuONPs were tested for antioxidant properties using 2, 2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) (DPPH).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28010410","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]],"date-time":"2023-01-04T02:54:55Z","timestamp":1672800895000},"page":"410","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Effect of H2O2 @CuONPs in the UV Light-Induced Removal of Organic Pollutant Congo Red Dye: Investigation into Mechanism with Additional Biomedical Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Salman","family":"Latif","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Ha\u2019il, Ha\u2019il 81451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fahad","family":"Abdulaziz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Ha\u2019il, Ha\u2019il 81451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulaziz M.","family":"Alanazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Madinah, Madinah 42351, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amal H.","family":"Alsehli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry Department, College of Science, Taibah University, Madinah 42353, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marwah M.","family":"Alsowayigh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulaziz A.","family":"Alanazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9709","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.1c00310","article-title":"Green synthesis of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles using aqueous fruit extracts of Myristica fragrans: Their characterisations and biological and environmental applications","volume":"6","author":"Faisal","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2014.11.012","article-title":"Activated carbons impregnated with iron oxide nanoparticles for enhanced removal of bisphenol A and natural organic matter","volume":"286","author":"Park","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. 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