{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T04:56:52Z","timestamp":1782968212383,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]],"date-time":"2023-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672790400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62175267"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62175267"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Youth Talent Support Program","award":["62175267"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62175267"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A series of novel chromophores A, B, C, and D, based on the julolidinyl donor and the tricyanofuran (TCF) and CF3-tricyanofuran (CF3-Ph-TCF) acceptors, have been synthesized and systematically investigated. The 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene derivative isolation group was introduced into the bridge in the chromophores C and D. These nonlinear optical chromophores showed good thermal stability, and their decomposition temperatures were all above 220 \u00b0C. Density functional theory (DFT) was used to calculate the energy gaps and first-order hyperpolarizability (\u03b2). The macroscopic electro-optic (EO) activity was measured using a simple reflection method. The highest EO coefficient of poled films containing 35 wt% of chromophore D doped in amorphous polycarbonate afforded values of 54 pm\/V at 1310 nm. The results indicate that the 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene isolation group can suppress the dipole\u2013dipole interaction of chromophores. The moderate r33 value, good thermal stability, and good yield of chromophores suggest their potential use in the nonlinear optical area.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28020488","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]],"date-time":"2023-01-05T02:00:57Z","timestamp":1672884057000},"page":"488","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Systematic Study on Nonlinear Optical Chromophores with Improved Electro-Optic Activity by Introducing 3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene Derivative Isolation Groups into the Bridge"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Tongtong","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Optoelectronics Research Centre, School of Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"Engineering Research Centre of Photonic Design Software, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fuyang","family":"Huo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changqing","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Optoelectronics Research Centre, School of Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"Engineering Research Centre of Photonic Design Software, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ya","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Optoelectronics Research Centre, School of Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"Engineering Research Centre of Photonic Design Software, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Optoelectronics Research Centre, School of Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"Engineering Research Centre of Photonic Design Software, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Han","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Optoelectronics Research Centre, School of Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"Engineering Research Centre of Photonic Design Software, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Optoelectronics Research Centre, School of Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"Engineering Research Centre of Photonic Design Software, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yinsen","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Optoelectronics Research Centre, School of Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"Engineering Research Centre of Photonic Design Software, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhuo","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3695-6122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuhui","family":"Bo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Optoelectronics Research Centre, School of Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"Engineering Research Centre of Photonic Design Software, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25608","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.24.025608","article-title":"Plasmonic phased array feeder enabling ultra-fast beam steering at millimeter waves","volume":"24","author":"Bonjour","year":"2016","journal-title":"Opt. 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