{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T15:55:23Z","timestamp":1772812523818,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,6]],"date-time":"2023-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672963200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the National Science Foundation of China","award":["81973442"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81973442"]}]},{"name":"the National Science Foundation of China","award":["KM201910025022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KM201910025022"]}]},{"name":"the National Science Foundation of China","award":["CIT&TCD201304176"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIT&TCD201304176"]}]},{"name":"the Scientific Research Common Program of Beijing Municipal Commission of Education","award":["81973442"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81973442"]}]},{"name":"the Scientific Research Common Program of Beijing Municipal Commission of Education","award":["KM201910025022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KM201910025022"]}]},{"name":"the Scientific Research Common Program of Beijing Municipal Commission of Education","award":["CIT&TCD201304176"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIT&TCD201304176"]}]},{"name":"the Importation and Development of High\u2212Caliber Talents Project of Beijing Municipal Institutions","award":["81973442"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81973442"]}]},{"name":"the Importation and Development of High\u2212Caliber Talents Project of Beijing Municipal Institutions","award":["KM201910025022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KM201910025022"]}]},{"name":"the Importation and Development of High\u2212Caliber Talents Project of Beijing Municipal Institutions","award":["CIT&TCD201304176"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIT&TCD201304176"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SR\u2212B1), a multiligand membrane receptor, is expressed in a gradient along the gastrocolic axis. SR\u2212B1 deficiency enhances lymphocyte proliferation and elevates inflammatory cytokine production in macrophages. However, whether SR\u2212B1 affects intestinal metabolites is unclear. In this study, we detected metabolite changes in the intestinal tissue of SR\u2212B1\u2212\/\u2212 mice, including amino acids and neurotransmitters, by ultra\u2212performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time\u2212of\u2212flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC\u2212Q\u2212TOF\/MS) and HPLC. We found that SR\u2212B1\u2212\/\u2212 mice exhibited changes in intestinal lipid metabolites and metabolic pathways, including the glycerophospholipid, sphingolipid, linoleic acid, taurine, and hypotaurine metabolic pathways. SR\u2212B1 deficiency influenced the contents of amino acids and neurotransmitters in all parts of the intestine; the contents of leucine (LEU), phenylalanine (PHE), tryptophan (TRP), and tyrosine (TYR) were affected in all parts of the intestine; and the contents of 3,4\u2212dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and dopamine (DA) were significantly decreased in both the colon and rectum. In summary, SR\u2212B1 deficiency regulated intestinal lipids, amino acids, and neurotransmitter metabolism in mice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28020610","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]],"date-time":"2023-01-09T06:38:27Z","timestamp":1673246307000},"page":"610","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Analysis of Intestinal Metabolites in SR\u2212B1 Knockout Mice via Ultra\u2212Performance Liquid Chromatography Quadrupole Time\u2212of\u2212Flight Mass Spectrometry"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7363-1397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qijun","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lixue","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinlong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wen","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1987-0159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ziqian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xueying","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Laboratory, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Laboratory, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4759-6983","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenhua","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1140-4","article-title":"SR\u2212B1 drives endothelial cell LDL transcytosis via DOCK4 to promote atherosclerosis","volume":"569","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158554","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2019.158554","article-title":"Scavenger receptor class B, type 1 facilitates cellular fatty acid uptake","volume":"1865","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Cell Biol. Lipids"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1100350","article-title":"Class B scavenger receptor types I and II and CD36 mediate bacterial recognition and proinflammatory signaling induced by Escherichia coli, lipopolysaccharide, and cytosolic chaperonin 60","volume":"188","author":"Baranova","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118883","article-title":"Regulation of scavenger receptor, class B, type I, a high density lipoprotein receptor, in liver and steroidogenic tissues of the rat","volume":"98","author":"Landschulz","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1126\/science.271.5248.518","article-title":"Identification of scavenger receptor SR\u2212BI as a high density lipoprotein receptor","volume":"271","author":"Acton","year":"1996","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)31613-8","article-title":"Differentiation\u2212dependent expression and localization of the class B type I scavenger receptor in intestine","volume":"42","author":"Cai","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2341","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.17.11.2341","article-title":"CLA\u22121 is an 85\u2212kD plasma membrane glycoprotein that acts as a high\u2212affinity receptor for both native (HDL, LDL, and VLDL) and modified (OxLDL and AcLDL) lipoproteins","volume":"17","author":"Calvo","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"348","article-title":"Ovarian cholesterol efflux: ATP\u2212binding cassette transporters and follicular fluid HDL regulate cholesterol content in mouse oocytes","volume":"102","author":"Quiroz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23699","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M211233200","article-title":"Differential effects of scavenger receptor BI deficiency on lipid metabolism in cells of the arterial wall and in the liver","volume":"278","author":"Twisk","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12610","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.23.12610","article-title":"A targeted mutation in the murine gene encoding the high density lipoprotein (HDL) receptor scavenger receptor class B type I reveals its key role in HDL metabolism","volume":"94","author":"Rigotti","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000199272.59432.5b","article-title":"High\u2212density lipoprotein promotes endothelial cell migration and reendothelialization via scavenger receptor\u2212B type I","volume":"98","author":"Seetharam","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11058","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110985200","article-title":"High density lipoprotein binding to scavenger receptor, Class B, type I activates endothelial nitric\u2212oxide synthase in a ceramide\u2212dependent manner","volume":"277","author":"Li","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15093","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0704602104","article-title":"High\u2212density lipoprotein protects macrophages from oxidized low\u2212density lipoprotein\u2212induced apoptosis by promoting efflux of 7\u2212ketocholesterol via ABCG1","volume":"104","author":"Terasaka","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2543","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.111.234716","article-title":"Deficiency of scavenger receptor BI leads to impaired lymphocyte homeostasis and autoimmune disorders in mice","volume":"31","author":"Feng","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16478","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.C300085200","article-title":"High density lipoprotein\u2212induced signaling of the MAPK pathway involves scavenger receptor type BI\u2212mediated activation of Ras","volume":"278","author":"Grewal","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7147","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.10.7147","article-title":"Eggerman TL. Role of human CD36 in bacterial recognition, phagocytosis, and pathogen\u2212induced JNK\u2212mediated signaling","volume":"181","author":"Baranova","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12370","article-title":"Gut microbiota\u2212derived lipopolysaccharide uptake and trafficking to adipose tissue: Implications for inflammation and obesity","volume":"17","author":"Hersoug","year":"2016","journal-title":"Obes. Rev."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1986","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.R046920","article-title":"Novel lysophosphoplipid receptors: Their structure and function","volume":"55","author":"Makide","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2020.11.026","article-title":"Revealing the role of glycerophospholipid metabolism in asthma through plasma lipidomics","volume":"513","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2020.11.006","article-title":"Intestinal Phospholipid Disequilibrium Initiates an ER Stress Response That Drives Goblet Cell Necroptosis and Spontaneous Colitis in Mice","volume":"11","author":"Kennelly","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3707","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-022-11926-x","article-title":"Impact of pectin with various esterification degrees on the profiles of gut microbiota and serum metabolites","volume":"106","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2022.123567","article-title":"A UHPLC\u2212Q\u2212TOF\u2212MS\u2212based serum and urine metabolomics approach reveals the mechanism of Gualou\u2212Xiebai herb pair intervention against atherosclerosis process in ApoE\u2212\/\u2212 mice","volume":"1215","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. B Anal. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.117443","article-title":"The mechanisms of lysophosphatidylcholine in the development of diseases","volume":"247","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e47990","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.47990","article-title":"Accelerated phosphatidylcholine turnover in macrophages promotes adipose tissue inflammation in obesity","volume":"8","author":"Petkevicius","year":"2019","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2018.07.004","article-title":"Identification of Lysophosphatidylcholines and Sphingolipids as Potential Biomarkers for Acute Aortic Dissection via Serum Metabolomics","volume":"57","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Vasc. Endovasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.112.249854","article-title":"Evidence supporting a key role of Lp\u2212PLA2\u2212generated lysophosphatidylcholine in human atherosclerotic plaque inflammation","volume":"32","author":"Edsfeldt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.02.089","article-title":"Sphingolipid signalling in the cardiovascular system: Good, bad or both?","volume":"585","author":"Alewijnse","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-6741-1_1","article-title":"An overview of sphingolipid metabolism: From synthesis to breakdown","volume":"688","author":"Gault","year":"2010","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000136995.83451.1D","article-title":"Role for matrix metalloproteinase\u22122 in oxidized low\u2212density lipoprotein\u2212induced activation of the sphingomyelin\/ceramide pathway and smooth muscle cell proliferation","volume":"110","author":"Elbaz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.04.002","article-title":"Bacteroides\u2212Derived Sphingolipids Are Critical for Maintaining Intestinal Homeostasis and Symbiosis","volume":"25","author":"Brown","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, Z.H., Nill, K., Takechi\u2212Haraya, Y., Playford, M.P., Nguyen, D., Yu, Z.X., Pryor, M., Tang, J., Rojulpote, K.V., and Mehta, N.N. (2022). Differential Effect of Dietary Supplementation with a Soybean Oil Enriched in Oleic Acid versus Linoleic Acid on Plasma Lipids and Atherosclerosis in LDLR\u2212Deficient Mice. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23158385"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114522001325","article-title":"The effects of dietary linoleic acid on reducing serum cholesterol and atherosclerosis development are nullified by a high\u2212cholesterol diet in male and female apoE\u2212deficient mice","volume":"1","author":"Yuan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2019.01.041","article-title":"Fructus Gardeniae\u2212induced gastrointestinal injury was associated with the inflammatory response mediated by the disturbance of vitamin B6, phenylalanine, arachidonic acid, taurine and hypotaurine metabolism","volume":"235","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"4636618","article-title":"Isosteviol sodium ameliorates dextran sodium sulfate\u2212induced chronic colitis through the regulation of metabolic profiling, macrophage polarization, and NF\u2212\u03baB pathway","volume":"2022","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell Longev."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1186\/s12986-022-00700-5","article-title":"Antimicrobial treatment improves tryptophan metabolism and mood of patients with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth","volume":"19","author":"Chojnacki","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sathyasaikumar, K.V., Notarangelo, F.M., Kelly, D.L., Rowland, L.M., Hare, S.M., Chen, S., Mo, C., Buchanan, R.W., and Schwarcz, R. (2022). Tryptophan Challenge in Healthy Controls and People with Schizophrenia: Acute Effects on Plasma Levels of Kynurenine, Kynurenic Acid and 5\u2212Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid. Pharmaceuticals, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph15081003"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, C.Y., Huang, C.Y., Chen, C.M., and Liu, H.L. (2022). Focused Ultrasound\u2212Induced Blood\u2212Brain Barrier Opening Enhanced \u03b1\u2212Synuclein Expression in Mice for Modeling Parkinson\u2019s Disease. Pharmaceutics, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14020444"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-022-02215-5","article-title":"Effect of sumatriptan on acetic acid\u2212induced experimental colitis in rats: A possible role for the 5\u2212HT1B\/1D receptors","volume":"395","author":"Hosseini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Naunyn\u2212Schmiedeberg\u2019s Arch. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2359","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.25518","article-title":"Neurotransmitters: The Critical Modulators Regulating Gut\u2212Brain Axis","volume":"232","author":"Mittal","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gracia\u2212Rubio, I., Mart\u00edn, C., Civeira, F., and Cenarro, A. (2021). SR\u2212B1, a Key Receptor Involved in the Progression of Cardiovascular Disease: A Perspective from Mice and Human Genetic Studies. Biomedicines, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines9060612"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1097\/MOL.0000000000000413","article-title":"Rediscovering scavenger receptor type BI: Surprising new roles for the HDL receptor","volume":"28","author":"Hoekstra","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Lipidol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-021317-121550","article-title":"SR\u2212B1: A unique multifunctional receptor for cholesterol influx and efflux","volume":"80","author":"Shen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15672","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.RA119.008795","article-title":"Phagocytosis mediated by scavenger receptor class BI promotes macrophage transition during skeletal muscle regeneration","volume":"294","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.4291\/wjgp.v11.i6.114","article-title":"Clinical relevance of intestinal barrier dysfunction in common gastrointestinal diseases","volume":"11","author":"Muehler","year":"2020","journal-title":"World J. Gastrointest. Pathophysiol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761981","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.761981","article-title":"Interaction between commensal bacteria, immune response and the intestinal barrier in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."}],"container-title":["Molecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/28\/2\/610\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:02:20Z","timestamp":1760119340000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/28\/2\/610"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,6]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}},"alternative-id":["molecules28020610"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules28020610","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-3049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1420-3049","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,6]]}}}