{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T17:08:53Z","timestamp":1782407333806,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,11]],"date-time":"2023-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673395200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Deanship of Scientific Research at Najran University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","award":["NU\/NRP\/MRC\/11\/3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NU\/NRP\/MRC\/11\/3"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Promethazine hydrochloride (PMZ), a potent H1-histamine blocker widely used to prevent motion sickness, dizziness, nausea, and vomiting, has a bitter taste. In the present study, taste masked PMZ nanocapsules (NCs) were prepared using an interfacial polycondensation technique. A one-step approach was used to expedite the synthesis of NCs made from a biocompatible and biodegradable polyamide based on l-arginine. The produced NCs had an average particle size of 193.63 \u00b1 39.1 nm and a zeta potential of \u221231.7 \u00b1 1.25 mV, indicating their stability. The NCs were characterized using differential scanning calorimetric analysis and X-ray diffraction, as well as transmission electron microscopy that demonstrated the formation of the NCs and the incorporation of PMZ within the polymer. The in vitro release study of the PMZ-loaded NCs displayed a 0.91 \u00b1 0.02% release of PMZ after 10 min using artificial saliva as the dissolution media, indicating excellent taste masked particles. The in vivo study using mice revealed that the amount of fluid consumed by the PMZ-NCs group was significantly higher than that consumed by the free PMZ group (p &lt; 0.05). This study confirmed that NCs using polyamides based on l-arginine and interfacial polycondensation can serve as a good platform for the effective taste masking of bitter actives.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28020748","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,12]],"date-time":"2023-01-12T03:47:01Z","timestamp":1673495221000},"page":"748","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Taste Masking of Promethazine Hydrochloride Using l-Arginine Polyamide-Based Nanocapsules"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3513-4976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hamad S.","family":"Alyami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 55461, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9680-0026","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dalia Khalil","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Isra University, Amman 11622, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2643-3299","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qais","family":"Jarrar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman 11622, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4775-6238","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdolelah","family":"Jaradat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman 11622, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hadeel","family":"Aburass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman 11622, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2601-7962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdul Aleem","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 55461, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2731-1071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad H.","family":"Alyami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 55461, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5947-986X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alhassan H.","family":"Aodah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center of Biotechnology, Life Science & Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9815-3720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eman Zmaily","family":"Dahmash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University London, Kingston upon Thames KT1 2EE, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1208\/s12249-008-9133-x","article-title":"Development of a Melting Tablet Containing Promethazine HCl Against Motion Sickness","volume":"9","author":"Haware","year":"2008","journal-title":"AAPS PharmSciTech"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"71","article-title":"Development of Fast Dissolving Sublingual Wafers of Promethazine Hydrochloride","volume":"10","author":"Ganguly","year":"2014","journal-title":"Iran J. 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