{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T03:36:41Z","timestamp":1790393801825,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":126,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,16]],"date-time":"2023-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673827200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Swiss Science National Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CRSII5-173718"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRSII5-173718"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Swiss Science National Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["310030_184662"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["310030_184662"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Eight novel carbohydrate-tethered trithiolato dinuclear ruthenium(II)-arene complexes were synthesized using CuAAC \u2018click\u2019 (Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition) reactions, and there in vitro activity against transgenic T. gondii tachyzoites constitutively expressing \u03b2-galactosidase (T. gondii \u03b2-gal) and in non-infected human foreskin fibroblasts, HFF, was determined at 0.1 and 1 \u00b5M. When evaluated at 1 \u00b5M, seven diruthenium-carbohydrate conjugates strongly impaired parasite proliferation by &gt;90%, while HFF viability was retained at 50% or more, and they were further subjected to the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) measurement on T. gondii \u03b2-gal. Results revealed that the biological activity of the hybrids was influenced both by the nature of the carbohydrate (glucose vs. galactose) appended on ruthenium complex and the type\/length of the linker between the two units. 23 and 26, two galactose-based diruthenium conjugates, exhibited low IC50 values and reduced effect on HFF viability when applied at 2.5 \u00b5M (23: IC50 = 0.032 \u00b5M\/HFF viability 92% and 26: IC50 = 0.153 \u00b5M\/HFF viability 97%). Remarkably, compounds 23 and 26 performed significantly better than the corresponding carbohydrate non-modified diruthenium complexes, showing that this type of conjugates are a promising approach for obtaining new antiparasitic compounds with reduced toxicity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28020902","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,17]],"date-time":"2023-01-17T03:41:52Z","timestamp":1673926912000},"page":"902","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Synthesis and Antiparasitic Activity of New Trithiolato-Bridged Dinuclear Ruthenium(II)-arene-carbohydrate Conjugates"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Holzer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oksana","family":"Desiatkina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicoleta","family":"Anghel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Parasitology Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, L\u00e4nggass-Strasse 122, 3012 Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serena K.","family":"Johns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland"},{"name":"School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff CF103AT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghalia","family":"Boubaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Parasitology Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, L\u00e4nggass-Strasse 122, 3012 Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0622-2128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew","family":"Hemphill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Parasitology Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, L\u00e4nggass-Strasse 122, 3012 Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2096-0618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julien","family":"Furrer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilia","family":"P\u0103unescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2014.02.003","article-title":"Metal-based anticancer chemotherapeutic agents","volume":"19","author":"Muhammad","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. 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