{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T12:02:57Z","timestamp":1787313777983,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,26]],"date-time":"2023-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674691200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005911","name":"Najran University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NU\/IF\/ENT\/01\/010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NU\/IF\/ENT\/01\/010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005911","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005911","name":"Najran University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5291\/Federal\/NRPU\/R&D\/HEC\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5291\/Federal\/NRPU\/R&D\/HEC\/2016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005911","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"HEC","award":["NU\/IF\/ENT\/01\/010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NU\/IF\/ENT\/01\/010"]}]},{"name":"HEC","award":["5291\/Federal\/NRPU\/R&D\/HEC\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5291\/Federal\/NRPU\/R&D\/HEC\/2016"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder majorly arising from the pathophysiology of the pancreas manifested as a decline in the insulin production or the tissue\u2019s resistance to the insulin. In this research, we have rationally designed and synthesized new succinimide\u2013thiazolidinedione hybrids for the management of DM. In a multistep reaction, we were able to synthesize five new derivatives (10a\u2013e). All the compounds were new containing a different substitution pattern on the N-atom of the succinimide ring. Initially, all the compounds were tested against the in vitro \u03b1-glucosidase, \u03b1-amylase, PTP1B, and DPP4 targets. In all of these targets, the compound 10d was observed to be the most potential antidiabetic agent. Based on this, the antidiabetic activity of the compound 10d was further investigated in experimental animals, which overall gave us encouraging results. The molecular docking studies of the compound 10d was also performed against the target enzymes \u03b1-glucosidase, \u03b1-amylase, PTP1B, and DPP4 using MOE. Overall, we observed that we have explored a new class of compounds as potential antidiabetic agents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28031207","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,27]],"date-time":"2023-01-27T01:27:58Z","timestamp":1674782878000},"page":"1207","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["New Succinimide\u2013Thiazolidinedione Hybrids as Multitarget Antidiabetic Agents: Design, Synthesis, Bioevaluation, and Molecular Modelling Studies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Mohammed A.","family":"Huneif","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Department, Medical College, Najran University, Najran 55461, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4837-3653","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mater H.","family":"Mahnashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 55461, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2411-6510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Saeed","family":"Jan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda 24461, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1854-6365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sultan A.","family":"Almedhesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Department, Medical College, Najran University, Najran 55461, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seham M.","family":"Alqahtani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Department, Medical College, Najran University, Najran 55461, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6186-6076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Jamaan","family":"Alzahrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Department, Medical College, Najran University, Najran 55461, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4299-2445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Ayaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7907-0842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Farhat","family":"Ullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Umer","family":"Rashid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0154-7863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdul","family":"Sadiq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1360","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus","volume":"68","author":"Tower","year":"2005","journal-title":"Obstet. 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