{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T15:38:38Z","timestamp":1776440318561,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,2]],"date-time":"2023-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675296000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82101111"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82101111"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018YFE0113900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFE0113900"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82101111"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82101111"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018YFE0113900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFE0113900"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a central nervous system inflammatory demyelinating disease, the pathogenesis of which involves autoantibodies targeting the extracellular epitopes of aquaporin-4 on astrocytes. We neutralized the AQP4-IgG from NMOSD patient sera using synthesized AQP4 extracellular epitope peptides and found that the severe cytotoxicity produced by aquaporin-4 immunoglobin (AQP4-IgG) could be blocked by AQP4 extracellular mimotope peptides of Loop A and Loop C in astrocyte protection and animal models. ACT001, a natural compound derivative, has shown anti-tumor activity in various cancers. In our study, the central nervous system anti-inflammatory effect of ACT001 was investigated. The results demonstrated the superior astrocyte protection activity of ACT001 at 10 \u00b5M. Furthermore, ACT001 decreases the behavioral score in the mouse NMOSD model, which was not inferior to Methylprednisolone Sodium Succinate, the first-line therapy of NMOSD in clinical practice. In summary, our study showed that astrocytes are protected by specific peptides, or small molecular drugs, which is a new strategy for the treatment of NMOSD. It is possible for ACT001 to be a promising therapy for NMOSD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28031412","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,2]],"date-time":"2023-02-02T01:53:54Z","timestamp":1675302834000},"page":"1412","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["ACT001 Relieves NMOSD Symptoms by Reducing Astrocyte Damage with an Autoimmune Antibody"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Hongen","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, The Chinese People\u2019s Liberation Army General Hospital & The Chinese People\u2019s Liberation Army Medical School, Beijing 100853, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mo","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuro-Ophthalmology, Eye Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Honglu","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, The Chinese People\u2019s Liberation Army General Hospital & The Chinese People\u2019s Liberation Army Medical School, Beijing 100853, China"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, The 980th Hospital of the Chinese PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Shijiazhuang 050082, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mingming","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, The Chinese People\u2019s Liberation Army General Hospital & The Chinese People\u2019s Liberation Army Medical School, Beijing 100853, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huanfen","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, The Chinese People\u2019s Liberation Army General Hospital & The Chinese People\u2019s Liberation Army Medical School, Beijing 100853, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junxia","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, The Chinese People\u2019s Liberation Army General Hospital & The Chinese People\u2019s Liberation Army Medical School, Beijing 100853, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Di","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, The Chinese People\u2019s Liberation Army General Hospital & The Chinese People\u2019s Liberation Army Medical School, Beijing 100853, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenhao","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, The Chinese People\u2019s Liberation Army General Hospital & The Chinese People\u2019s Liberation Army Medical School, Beijing 100853, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Biyue","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, The Chinese People\u2019s Liberation Army General Hospital & The Chinese People\u2019s Liberation Army Medical School, Beijing 100853, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mengying","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, The Chinese People\u2019s Liberation Army General Hospital & The Chinese People\u2019s Liberation Army Medical School, Beijing 100853, China"},{"name":"Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0197-9113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hao","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shihui","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, The Chinese People\u2019s Liberation Army General Hospital & The Chinese People\u2019s Liberation Army Medical School, Beijing 100853, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(07)70216-8","article-title":"The spectrum of neuromyelitis optica","volume":"6","author":"Wingerchuk","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.00501","article-title":"Epidemiology of Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder and Its Prevalence and Incidence Worldwide","volume":"11","author":"Hor","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. 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