{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T12:26:56Z","timestamp":1766492816419,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,7]],"date-time":"2023-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675728000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the present work, the microclimatic conditions (temperature (T), relative humidity (RH), and illuminance (I)), together with the air quality (both aerosol particulate matter (PM) and gaseous pollutants), were monitored to evaluate the environmental conditions inside the Santuario della Beata Vergine dei Miracoli in Saronno (VA), a masterpiece of the Italian Renaissance. For this purpose, dataloggers were used to carry out the T, RH, and I measurements, whereas an optical particle counter (OPC) was employed to perform the particle count and determine the concentration of the aerosol PM. Finally, diffusive passive samplers were used to determine the concentration of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes). To identify possible spatial variations, the studies were conducted at different sites and different heights in the Sanctuary. Particular focus was given to the Easter week during which liturgical services attracting large numbers of people were carried out. Additionally, a comparison with the outdoor values was performed to highlight the accumulation phenomena and other variations in the concentrations of the species. Despite the indoor concentrations of pollutants and variations in the thermohygrometric parameters being generally lower compared to the outdoors (e.g., 5.2\u201315.0 \u00b5g m\u22123 versus 17.7\u201345.3 \u00b5g m\u22123 for NO2), the microclimatic conditions were often not in line with the Italian legislation and technical standards.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28041615","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]],"date-time":"2023-02-08T01:32:05Z","timestamp":1675819925000},"page":"1615","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Preliminary Air Quality and Microclimatic Conditions Study in the Santuario della\u00a0Beata Vergine dei Miracoli in Saronno (VA)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1587-4240","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Bergomi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9716-0080","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valeria","family":"Comite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7531-4536","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vittoria","family":"Guglielmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1716-4197","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mattia","family":"Borelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8280-5640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara Andrea","family":"Lombardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Bonomi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scuola di Restauro ENAIP Botticino, Via Cosenz 54, 20158 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Concetta","family":"Pironti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry \u201cScuola Medica Salernitana\u201d, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4668-2380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Ricciardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Proto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Mariani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Architect, Via Giusti 21\/B, 20831 Seregno, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2176-9188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paola","family":"Fermo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1007\/s11270-008-9931-5","article-title":"Chemical-Physical and Microbiological Measurements for Indoor Air Quality Assessment at the ca\u2019 Granda Historical Archive, Milan (Italy)","volume":"201","author":"Cappitelli","year":"2009","journal-title":"Water Air Soil Pollut."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0957-1272(90)90003-D","article-title":"The Composition of Museum Atmospheres","volume":"24","author":"Brimblecombe","year":"1990","journal-title":"Atmos. 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