{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:51:51Z","timestamp":1760147511435,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,10]],"date-time":"2023-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675987200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea NRF","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2021R1I1A2052006","NRF-2020R1I1A2064710"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2021R1I1A2052006","NRF-2020R1I1A2064710"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Vascular calcification (VC) and osteoporosis are age-related diseases and significant risk factors for the mortality of elderly. VC and osteoporosis may share common risk factors such as renin-angiotensin system (RAS)-related hypertension. In fact, inhibitors of RAS pathway, such as angiotensin type 1 receptor blockers (ARBs), improved both vascular calcification and hip fracture in elderly. However, a sex-dependent discrepancy in the responsiveness to ARB treatment in hip fracture was observed, possibly due to the estrogen deficiency in older women, suggesting that blocking the angiotensin signaling pathway may not be effective to suppress bone resorption, especially if an individual has underlying osteoclast activating conditions such as estrogen deficiency. Therefore, it has its own significance to find alternative modality for inhibiting both vascular calcification and osteoporosis by directly targeting osteoclast activation to circumvent the shortcoming of ARBs in preventing bone resorption in estrogen deficient individuals. In the present study, a natural compound library was screened to find chemical agents that are effective in preventing both calcium deposition in vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs) and activation of osteoclast using experimental methods such as Alizarin red staining and Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining. According to our data, citreoviridin (CIT) has both an anti-VC effect and anti-osteoclastic effect in vSMCs and in Raw 264.7 cells, respectively, suggesting its potential as an effective therapeutic agent for both VC and osteoporosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28041693","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,10]],"date-time":"2023-02-10T05:18:35Z","timestamp":1676006315000},"page":"1693","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A Low Concentration of Citreoviridin Prevents Both Intracellular Calcium Deposition in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell and Osteoclast Activation In Vitro"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9705-531X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seongtae","family":"Jeong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Integrative Biotechnology & Translational Medicine (IBTM), Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bok-Sim","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, Incheon 22711, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5143-703X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seung Eun","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, Incheon 22711, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoojin","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Medical Science, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si 25601, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9962-0941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Byeong-Wook","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si 25601, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Il-Kwon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si 25601, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jung-Won","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si 25601, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3144-4822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sang Woo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si 25601, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seahyoung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si 25601, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9814-0682","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soyeon","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si 25601, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1161\/hy1001.096358","article-title":"Arterial calcifications, arterial stiffness, and cardiovascular risk in end-stage renal disease","volume":"38","author":"Blacher","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2016.03.010","article-title":"Progression of CAC Score and Risk of Incident CVD","volume":"9","author":"Radford","year":"2016","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc. 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