{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T17:49:38Z","timestamp":1781200178105,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,10]],"date-time":"2023-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675987200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["22076153"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22076153"]}]},{"name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["22006121"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22006121"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>It is essential to estimate the indoor pesticides\/insecticides exposure risk since reports show that 80% of human exposure to pesticides occurs indoors. As one of the three major contamination sources, surface collected pesticides contributed significantly to this risk. Here, a highly sensitive liquid freestanding membrane (FSM) SERS method based on iodide modified silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) was developed for quantitative detection of insecticide deltamethrin (DM) residues in solution phase samples and on surfaces with good accuracy and high sensitivity. The DM SERS spectrum from 500 to 2500 cm\u22121 resembled the normal Raman counterpart of solid DM. Similar bands at 563, 1000, 1165, 1207, 1735, and 2253 cm\u22121 were observed as in the literature. For the quantitative analysis, the strongest peak at 1000 cm\u22121 that was assigned to the stretching mode of the benzene ring and the deformation mode of C-C was selected. The peak intensity at 1000 cm\u22121 and the concentration of DM showed excellent linearity from 39 to 5000 ppb with a regression equation I = 649.428 + 1.327 C (correlation coefficient R2 = 0.991). The limit of detection (LOD) of the DM was found to be as low as 11 ppb. Statistical comparison between the proposed and the HPLC methods for the analysis of insecticide deltamethrin (DM) residues in solution phase samples showed no significant difference. DM residue analysis on the surface was mimicked by dropping DM pesticide on the glass surface. It is found that DM exhibited high residue levels up to one week after exposure. This proposed SERS method could find application in the household pesticide residues analysis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28041700","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,10]],"date-time":"2023-02-10T05:51:06Z","timestamp":1676008266000},"page":"1700","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Iodine-Modified Ag NPs for Highly Sensitive SERS Detection of Deltamethrin Residues on Surfaces"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Zhangmei","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Analysis and Testing Center, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dandan","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feiyue","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kun","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuemei","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sichuan Academy of Environmental Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sichuan Zhongbiao Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610052, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feifei","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Analysis and Testing Center, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoke","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Analysis and Testing Center, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meikun","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2017.10.115","article-title":"Pyrethroid pesticide residues in the global environment: An overview","volume":"191","author":"Tang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1021\/bk-1993-0522.ch024","article-title":"Exposure Levels to Indoor Pesticides","volume":"Volume 522","author":"Leidy","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pesticides in Urban Environments"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2013.01.025","article-title":"Pesticides and human chronic diseases: Evidences, mechanisms, and perspectives","volume":"268","author":"Mostafalou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"(2022, April 24). United States Environmental Protection Agency Home Page, Available online: https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/indoor-air-quality-iaq\/pesticides-impact-indoor-air-quality."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2018.12.045","article-title":"Deltamethrin toxicity: A review of oxidative stress and metabolism","volume":"170","author":"Lu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/s00244-004-0185-y","article-title":"Distribution of Pesticide Residues Within Homes in Central New York State","volume":"50","author":"Obendorf","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, C., Eiden, A., Cooper, R., Zha, C., Wang, D., and Reilly, E. (2019). Changes in Indoor Insecticide Residue Levels after Adopting an Integrated Pest Management Program to Control German Cockroach Infestations in an Apartment Building. Insects, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/insects10090304"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9627","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6b01219","article-title":"Urinary Metabolites of Organophosphate and Pyrethroid Pesticides and Neurobehavioral Effects in Chinese Children","volume":"50","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1765","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-2758","article-title":"Pesticide exposure in children","volume":"130","author":"Roberts","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1078\/1438-4639-00199","article-title":"Pyrethroids used indoors\u2013Biological monitoring of exposure to pyrethroids following an indoor pest control operation","volume":"206","author":"Leng","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Hydrogen Environ. Health"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2018.11.001","article-title":"Amylase protected gold nanoclusters as chemo- and bio- sensor for nanomolar detection of deltamethrin and glutathione","volume":"281","author":"Bhamore","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1007\/s12161-012-9382-x","article-title":"A Gas Chromatographic Method with Electron-Capture Detector (GC-ECD) for Simultaneous Determination of Fenpropathrin, \u03bb-Cyhalothrin, and Deltamethrin Residues in Tomato and Its Applications to Kinetic Studies After Field Treatment","volume":"5","author":"Albadri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Food Anal. Methods"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1007\/s00604-019-3763-4","article-title":"Green ultrasound assisted magnetic nanofluid-based liquid phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for determination of permethrin, deltamethrin, and cypermethrin residues","volume":"186","author":"Shirani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microchim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Melo, M.G., Carqueijo, A., Freitas, A., Barbosa, J., and Silva, A.S. (2019). Modified QuEChERS Extraction and HPLC-MS\/MS for Simultaneous Determination of 155 Pesticide Residues in Rice (Oryza sativa L.). Foods, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods9010018"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1080\/03067319.2019.1616715","article-title":"The first validated HPLC method for separation and quantification of imiprothrin and deltamethrin in insecticide spray formulation","volume":"99","author":"Michael","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu, J., Yin, L., Zhang, W., Chen, M., Feng, D., Zhao, Y., and Zhu, Y. (2021). Colorimetric Measurement of Deltamethrin Pesticide Using a Paper Sensor Based on Aggregation of Gold Nanoparticles. Coatings, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/coatings12010038"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128927","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2020.128927","article-title":"A novel and selective multi-emission chemiluminescence system for the quantification of deltamethrin in food samples","volume":"327","author":"Hassanzadeh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2016.06.017","article-title":"Review of surface enhanced Raman spectroscopic (SERS) detection of synthetic chemical pesticides","volume":"85","author":"Pang","year":"2016","journal-title":"TrAC Trends Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1002\/bio.3796","article-title":"Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for on-site analysis: A review of recent developments","volume":"35","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Luminescence"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2019.11.049","article-title":"A review on recent advances in the applications of surface-enhanced Raman scattering in analytical chemistry","volume":"1097","author":"Fan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1039\/D0NR06832B","article-title":"Towards a point-of-care SERS sensor for biomedical and agri-food analysis applications: A review of recent advancements","volume":"13","author":"Perumal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15195","DOI":"10.1039\/C8NR01628C","article-title":"Flexible, transparent and highly sensitive SERS substrates with cross-nanoporous structures for fast on-site detection","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Han, M., Lu, H., and Zhang, Z. (2020). Fast and Low-Cost Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) Method for On-Site Detection of Flumetsulam in Wheat. Molecules, 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25204662"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15656","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.langmuir.2c02463","article-title":"Ameliorating SERS Sensitivity for Pesticide Malathion Detection with Synergistic Boosting Effect by Hydrogen Cations and Chloride Anions","volume":"38","author":"Peng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpclett.9b03724","article-title":"Key Role of Direct Ad-sorption on SERS Sensitivity: Synergistic Effect among Target, Aggregating Agent, and Surface with Au or Ag Colloid as Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Sub-strate","volume":"11","author":"Xie","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1002\/bio.4329","article-title":"Halogen ion-modified silver nano-particles for ultrasensitive surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy detection of polycy-clic aromatic hydrocarbons","volume":"37","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Luminescence"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106532","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2021.106532","article-title":"Highly sensitive bromide aided SERS detection of furazolidone and 3-amino-2-oxazolidinone residual in aquaculture products","volume":"169","author":"Fan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microchem. J."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1802392","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201802392","article-title":"Picoanalysis of Drugs in Biofluids with Quantitative Label-Free Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy","volume":"14","author":"Turzhitsky","year":"2018","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10014","DOI":"10.1021\/acsanm.0c02003","article-title":"Self-Healing 3D Liquid Freestanding Plasmonic Nanoparticle Membrane for Reproducible Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Sensing","volume":"3","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Nano Mater."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6350","DOI":"10.1021\/ac101495m","article-title":"Silver Nanoparticles on a Plastic Platform for Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensing","volume":"82","author":"Fan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5149","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.5b01426","article-title":"Label-Free Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Detection of DNA with Single-Base Sensitivity","volume":"137","author":"Xu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ica.2020.120149","article-title":"Zn2+ ion responsive fluorescent chemosensor probe of Thiophene-diocarbohydrazide derivatives","volume":"516","author":"Mathew","year":"2020","journal-title":"Inorganica Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13848","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.1c23199","article-title":"Fluorescence and Color-imetric Dual-Mode Ratiometric Sensor Based on Zr\u2013Tetraphenylporphyrin Tetrasul-fonic Acid Hydrate Metal\u2013Organic Frameworks for Visual Detection of Copper Ions","volume":"14","author":"Hou","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, H., Nie, P., Xia, Z., Feng, X., Liu, X., and He, Y. (2020). Rapid Quantitative Detection of Deltamethrin in Corydalis yanhusuo by SERS Coupled with Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. Molecules, 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25184081"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hidayah, A.N., Triyono, D., Herbani, Y., and Saleh, R. (2022). Liquid Surface-Enhanced Ra-man Spectroscopy (SERS) Sensor-Based Au-Ag Colloidal Nanoparticles for Easy and Rapid Detection of Deltamethrin Pesticide in Brewed Tea. Crystals, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/cryst12010024"},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"670","article-title":"Influence of surfactant structure in physical stability and physiochemical properties of insecticide emulsions","volume":"31","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Oil Palm Res."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2021.106122","article-title":"Self-supporting liquid film as reproducible SERS platform for therapeutic drug mon-itoring of berberine hydrochloride in human urine","volume":"165","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microchem. J."}],"container-title":["Molecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/28\/4\/1700\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:30:19Z","timestamp":1760121019000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/28\/4\/1700"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,10]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]}},"alternative-id":["molecules28041700"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules28041700","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-3049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1420-3049","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,10]]}}}