{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:53:06Z","timestamp":1760147586991,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,19]],"date-time":"2023-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003407","name":"MIUR","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AIM1808223"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AIM1808223"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The wreck of the Punic ship exhibited at the Archaeological Park of Lilybaeum (Marsala, Italy) is a unique example in the world. In this paper, the investigation of some metal finds (30 nails and 3 fragments of sheathings) belonging to the wreck of the Punic ship is reported. Portable X-ray fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy allowed us to identify the elements and compounds constituting them and make some deductions about their composition. X-ray diffractometry, polarised optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy of the collected micro-samples allowed us to explain the degradation that occurred in the underwater environment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28041968","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,20]],"date-time":"2023-02-20T02:02:09Z","timestamp":1676858529000},"page":"1968","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["New Insight on Archaeological Metal Finds, Nails and Lead Sheathings of the Punic Ship from Battle of the Egadi Islands"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7677-602X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Armetta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science and Tecnology, University of Palermo Viale delle Scienze Bld. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8576-7339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosina Celeste","family":"Ponterio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNR\u2014Istitute for Chemical Physical Processes, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D\u2019Alcontres 37, 98158 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5885-164X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivana","family":"Pibiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science and Tecnology, University of Palermo Viale delle Scienze Bld. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7481-8556","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Luisa","family":"Saladino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science and Tecnology, University of Palermo Viale delle Scienze Bld. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibiod.2007.06.008","article-title":"Burial conditions and wood degradation at archaeological sites in the Netherlands","volume":"61","author":"Huisman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. 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