{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T04:17:03Z","timestamp":1778559423396,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,20]],"date-time":"2023-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676851200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004569","name":"Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education for the Faculty of Chemistry at the Wroclaw University of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["8211104160"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["8211104160"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004569","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Water-in-oil (w\/o) nanoemulsions stabilized with amino acid surfactants (AAS) are one example of nanotechnology detergents of the \u201cbrush on, wipe off\u201d-type for removing graffiti coatings from different sensitive surfaces. The high-pressure homogenization (HPH) process was used to obtain the nanostructured fluids (NSFs), including the non-toxic and eco-friendly components such as AAS, esterified vegetable oils, and ethyl lactate. The most effective NSF detergent was determined by response surface methodology (RSM) optimization. Afterwards, several surface properties, i.e., topography, wettability, surface free energy, and the work of water adhesion to surfaces before and after their coverage with the black graffiti paint, as well as after the removal of the paint layers by the eco-remover, were determined. It was found that the removal of graffiti with the use of the NSF detergent is more dependent on the energetic properties and microporous structure of the paint coatings than on the properties of the substrates on which the layers were deposited. The use of NSFs and knowledge of the surface properties could enable the development of versatile detergents that would remove unwanted contamination from various surfaces easily and in a controlled way.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28041986","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,20]],"date-time":"2023-02-20T03:29:06Z","timestamp":1676863746000},"page":"1986","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Surface Properties of Graffiti Coatings on Sensitive Surfaces Concerning Their Removal with Formulations Based on the Amino-Acid-Type Surfactants"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Marcin","family":"Bartman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering and Technology of Chemical Processes, Wroc\u0142aw University of Science and Technology, Wybrze\u017ce Wyspia\u0144skiego 27, 50-370 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5173-319X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastian","family":"Balicki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering and Technology of Chemical Processes, Wroc\u0142aw University of Science and Technology, Wybrze\u017ce Wyspia\u0144skiego 27, 50-370 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucyna","family":"Ho\u0142ysz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Interfacial Phenomena, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sk\u0142odowska University in Lublin, M. 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