{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T05:28:16Z","timestamp":1787808496706,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,21]],"date-time":"2023-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676937600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Agriculture is one of the economic activities with the most potential in Colombia, given its climatic and geographical conditions. Bean cultivation is classified as climbing, which grows in a branched way, and bushy, whose growth occurs up to 70 cm. The objective of this research was to study zinc and iron sulfates in different concentrations as fertilizers capable of increasing the nutritional value of kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), whose strategy is known as biofortification, and thus determine the most effective sulfate. The methodology details the sulfate formulations, their preparation, the application of additives, sampling and quantification methods of total iron, total zinc, \u00b0Brix, carotenoids, chlorophylls a, b, and antioxidant capacity using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method in leaves and pods. As for the results, it was found that biofortification with iron sulfate and zinc sulfate is a strategy that favors the country\u2019s economy and human health, because it allows the increase of minerals, antioxidant capacity and total soluble solids.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28052004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,21]],"date-time":"2023-02-21T01:39:28Z","timestamp":1676943568000},"page":"2004","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Biofortification of Kidney Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Crops Applying Zinc Sulfate and Ferric Sulfate: Pilot Crop in Colombia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Camilo Andr\u00e9s","family":"Guerrero-Martin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"LOTEP\u2014Laborat\u00f3rio de Opera\u00e7\u00f5es e Tecnologias Energ\u00e9ticas Aplicadas na Ind\u00fastria do Petr\u00f3leo, Faculty of Petroleum Engineering, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Salin\u00f3polis 68721-000, PA, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Engineering, Campus Salin\u00f3polis, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Salin\u00f3polis 68721-000, PA, Brazil"},{"name":"LEEPER\u2014Laborat\u00f3rio de Ensino de Engenharia de Poco e Reservat\u00f3rio, Faculty of Petroleum Engineering, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Salin\u00f3polis 66075-110, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6364-8432","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angie Tatiana","family":"Ortega-Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Management, Environment and Sustainability Research Group, Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, Universidad de Am\u00e9rica, Bogot\u00e1 110311, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2064-5298","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00d3scar","family":"Silva-Marrufo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament of Engineering, Tecnol\u00f3gico Nacional de Mexico, Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico del Valle del Guadiana, Carretera 34371, Durango, Mexico"},{"name":"Faculty of Agronomy, Tecnologica University of Rodeo, Rodeo 35760, Durango, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Braian David","family":"Casallas-Mart\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Management, Environment and Sustainability Research Group, Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, Universidad de Am\u00e9rica, Bogot\u00e1 110311, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalia","family":"Cort\u00e9s-Salazar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Management, Environment and Sustainability Research Group, Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, Universidad de Am\u00e9rica, Bogot\u00e1 110311, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ra\u00fal","family":"Salinas-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n de Educaci\u00f3n Superior San Jos\u00e9, Bogot\u00e1 110311, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefanny","family":"Camacho-Galindo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n de Educaci\u00f3n Superior San Jos\u00e9, Bogot\u00e1 110311, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4718-3230","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando Antonio","family":"Da Silva Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering, Campus Salin\u00f3polis, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Salin\u00f3polis 68721-000, PA, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura Estefan\u00eda","family":"Guerrero-Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LOTEP\u2014Laborat\u00f3rio de Opera\u00e7\u00f5es e Tecnologias Energ\u00e9ticas Aplicadas na Ind\u00fastria do Petr\u00f3leo, Faculty of Petroleum Engineering, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Salin\u00f3polis 68721-000, PA, Brazil"},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n de Educaci\u00f3n Superior San Jos\u00e9, Bogot\u00e1 110311, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Paulo de Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LOTEP\u2014Laborat\u00f3rio de Opera\u00e7\u00f5es e Tecnologias Energ\u00e9ticas Aplicadas na Ind\u00fastria do Petr\u00f3leo, Faculty of Petroleum Engineering, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Salin\u00f3polis 68721-000, PA, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Engineering, Campus Salin\u00f3polis, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Salin\u00f3polis 68721-000, PA, Brazil"},{"name":"LEEPER\u2014Laborat\u00f3rio de Ensino de Engenharia de Poco e Reservat\u00f3rio, Faculty of Petroleum Engineering, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Salin\u00f3polis 66075-110, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuele","family":"D. 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