{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:58:05Z","timestamp":1787029085605,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,28]],"date-time":"2023-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677542400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["81790643"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81790643"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["82121003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82121003"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["82101163"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82101163"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2021YFS0404"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFS0404"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2021YFS0369"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFS0369"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2021YFS0388"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFS0388"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2019-12M-5-032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-12M-5-032"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2021LY23"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021LY23"]}]},{"name":"Sichuan Science and Technology Program","award":["81790643"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81790643"]}]},{"name":"Sichuan Science and Technology Program","award":["82121003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82121003"]}]},{"name":"Sichuan Science and Technology Program","award":["82101163"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82101163"]}]},{"name":"Sichuan Science and Technology Program","award":["2021YFS0404"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFS0404"]}]},{"name":"Sichuan Science and Technology Program","award":["2021YFS0369"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFS0369"]}]},{"name":"Sichuan Science and Technology Program","award":["2021YFS0388"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFS0388"]}]},{"name":"Sichuan Science and Technology Program","award":["2019-12M-5-032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-12M-5-032"]}]},{"name":"Sichuan Science and Technology Program","award":["2021LY23"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021LY23"]}]},{"name":"CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences","award":["81790643"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81790643"]}]},{"name":"CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences","award":["82121003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82121003"]}]},{"name":"CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences","award":["82101163"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82101163"]}]},{"name":"CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences","award":["2021YFS0404"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFS0404"]}]},{"name":"CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences","award":["2021YFS0369"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFS0369"]}]},{"name":"CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences","award":["2021YFS0388"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFS0388"]}]},{"name":"CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences","award":["2019-12M-5-032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-12M-5-032"]}]},{"name":"CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences","award":["2021LY23"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021LY23"]}]},{"name":"Clinical Research Foundation of Sichuan Provincial People\u2019s Hospital","award":["81790643"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81790643"]}]},{"name":"Clinical Research Foundation of Sichuan Provincial People\u2019s Hospital","award":["82121003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82121003"]}]},{"name":"Clinical Research Foundation of Sichuan Provincial People\u2019s Hospital","award":["82101163"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82101163"]}]},{"name":"Clinical Research Foundation of Sichuan Provincial People\u2019s Hospital","award":["2021YFS0404"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFS0404"]}]},{"name":"Clinical Research Foundation of Sichuan Provincial People\u2019s Hospital","award":["2021YFS0369"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFS0369"]}]},{"name":"Clinical Research Foundation of Sichuan Provincial People\u2019s Hospital","award":["2021YFS0388"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFS0388"]}]},{"name":"Clinical Research Foundation of Sichuan Provincial People\u2019s Hospital","award":["2019-12M-5-032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-12M-5-032"]}]},{"name":"Clinical Research Foundation of Sichuan Provincial People\u2019s Hospital","award":["2021LY23"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021LY23"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Inflammation and elevated expression of high temperature requirement A serine peptidase 1 (HTRA1) are known high risk factors for age-related macular degeneration (AMD). However, the specific mechanism that HTRA1 causes AMD and the relationship between HTRA1 and inflammation remains unclear. We found that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced inflammation enhanced the expression of HTRA1, NF-\u03baB, and p-p65 in ARPE-19 cells. Overexpression of HTRA1 up-regulated NF-\u03baB expression, and on the other hand knockdown of HTRA1 down-regulated the expression of NF-\u03baB. Moreover, NF-\u03baB siRNA has no significant effect on the expression of HTRA1, suggesting HTRA1 works upstream of NF-\u03baB. These results demonstrated that HTRA1 plays a pivotal role in inflammation, explaining possible mechanism of overexpressed HTRA1-induced AMD. Celastrol, a very common anti-inflammatory and antioxidant drug, was found to suppress inflammation by inhibiting phosphorylation of p65 protein efficaciously in RPE cells, which may be applied to the therapy of age-related macular degeneration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28052236","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,28]],"date-time":"2023-02-28T02:01:51Z","timestamp":1677549711000},"page":"2236","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Lipopolysaccharide Activated NF-kB Signaling by Regulating HTRA1 Expression in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Shengliu","family":"Pan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural Products Research Center, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 9, Section 4, Renmin South Road, Chengdu 610041, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 380 Huaibeizhuang, Huairou District, Beijing 101408, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Center for Medical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology, No. 4, Section 2, Jianshe North Road, Chengdu 610054, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1858-1822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huijuan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Center for Medical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology, No. 4, Section 2, Jianshe North Road, Chengdu 610054, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5663-8068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junlan","family":"Chuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Center for Medical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology, No. 4, Section 2, Jianshe North Road, Chengdu 610054, China"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 32, West Section 2, First Ring Road, Qingyang District, Chengdu 610072, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenglin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 380 Huaibeizhuang, Huairou District, Beijing 101408, China"},{"name":"Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Center for Medical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology, No. 4, Section 2, Jianshe North Road, Chengdu 610054, China"},{"name":"Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, No. 32, West Section 2, First Ring Road, Qingyang District, Chengdu 610072, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"493","article-title":"Updates on the Epidemiology of Age-Related Macular Degeneration","volume":"6","author":"Jonas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Asia-Pac. 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