{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T17:33:27Z","timestamp":1784223207557,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,5]],"date-time":"2023-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677974400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Education, Science, and Technological Development, Republic of Serbia","award":["451-03-47\/2023-01\/200161"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-47\/2023-01\/200161"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Education, Science, and Technological Development, Republic of Serbia","award":["451-03-47\/2023-01\/200135"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-47\/2023-01\/200135"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Education, Science, and Technological Development, Republic of Serbia","award":["451-03-47\/2023-01\/200287"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-47\/2023-01\/200287"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A fast and straightforward reversed-phase dispersive liquid\u2013liquid microextraction (RP-DLLME) using a deep eutectic solvent (DES) procedure to determine free tryptophan in vegetable oils was developed. The influence of eight variables affecting the RP-DLLME efficiency has been studied by a multivariate approach. A Plackett\u2013Burman design for screening the most influential variables followed by a central composite response surface methodology led to an optimum RP-DLLME setup for a 1 g oil sample: 9 mL hexane as the diluting solvent, vortex extraction with 0.45 mL of DES (choline chloride\u2013urea) at 40 \u00b0C, without addition of salt, and centrifugation at 6000 rpm for 4.0 min. The reconstituted extract was directly injected into a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system working in the diode array mode. At the studied concentration levels, the obtained method detection limits (MDL) was 11 mg\/kg, linearity in matrix-matched standards was R2 \u2265 0.997, relative standard deviations (RSD) was 7.8%, and average recovery was 93%. The combined use of the recently developed DES -based RP-DLLME and HPLC provides an innovative, efficient, cost-effective, and more sustainable method for the extraction and quantification of free tryptophan in oily food matrices. The method was employed to analyze cold-pressed oils from nine vegetables (Brazil nut, almond, cashew, hazelnut, peanut, pumpkin, sesame, sunflower, and walnut) for the first time. The results showed that free tryptophan was present in the range of 11\u201338 mg\/100 g. This article is important for its contributions to the field of food analysis, and for its development of a new and efficient method for the determination of free tryptophan in complex matrices, which has the potential to be applied to other analytes and sample types.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28052395","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]],"date-time":"2023-03-06T02:06:43Z","timestamp":1678068403000},"page":"2395","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Deep Eutectic Solvent Based Reversed-Phase Dispersive Liquid\u2013Liquid Microextraction and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography for the Determination of Free Tryptophan in Cold-Pressed Oils"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4884-040X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Slavica","family":"Ra\u017ei\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamara","family":"Baki\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Innovation Center of the Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Karnegijeva 4, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Topi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9630-9309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jelena","family":"Luki\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Innovation Center of the Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Karnegijeva 4, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5694-7960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonije","family":"Onjia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178646918802282","DOI":"10.1177\/1178646918802282","article-title":"Analysis, Nutrition, and Health Benefits of Tryptophan","volume":"11","author":"Friedman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. 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