{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T16:35:57Z","timestamp":1791995757118,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":164,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]],"date-time":"2023-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005297","name":"Medical University of Bia\u0142ystok, Poland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SUB\/2\/DN\/22\/004\/2211"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SUB\/2\/DN\/22\/004\/2211"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005297","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the last few decades, there has been a growing interest in Bruton\u2019s tyrosine kinase (BTK) and the compounds that target it. BTK is a downstream mediator of the B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling pathway and affects B-cell proliferation and differentiation. Evidence demonstrating the expression of BTK on the majority of hematological cells has led to the hypothesis that BTK inhibitors (BTKIs) such as ibrutinib can be an effective treatment for leukemias and lymphomas. However, a growing body of experimental and clinical data has demonstrated the significance of BTK, not just in B-cell malignancies, but also in solid tumors, such as breast, ovarian, colorectal, and prostate cancers. In addition, enhanced BTK activity is correlated with autoimmune disease. This gave rise to the hypothesis that BTK inhibitors can be beneficial in the therapy of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), multiple sclerosis (MS), Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome (SS), allergies, and asthma. In this review article, we summarize the most recent findings regarding this kinase as well as the most advanced BTK inhibitors that have been developed to date and their clinical applications mainly in cancer and chronic inflammatory disease patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28052400","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]],"date-time":"2023-03-06T05:18:43Z","timestamp":1678079923000},"page":"2400","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":104,"title":["Bruton\u2019s Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (BTKIs): Review of Preclinical Studies and Evaluation of Clinical Trials"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0111-8716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dariusz","family":"Rozkiewicz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3985-4244","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justyna Magdalena","family":"Hermanowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iwona","family":"Kwiatkowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Krupa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Metabolic, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24a, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3751-0608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dariusz","family":"Pawlak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1732","DOI":"10.2174\/1389557520666200513121524","article-title":"Irreversible Kinase Inhibitors Targeting Cysteine Residues and Their Applications in Cancer Therapy","volume":"20","author":"Das","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mini-Rev. Med. 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