{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T13:30:45Z","timestamp":1791898245125,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":117,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,8]],"date-time":"2023-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678233600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012131","name":"Important Science Fund of Science and Technology Bureau of Liaoning Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020JH2\/10300056"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020JH2\/10300056"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012131","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012131","name":"Important Science Fund of Science and Technology Bureau of Liaoning Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82073851"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82073851"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012131","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020JH2\/10300056"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020JH2\/10300056"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82073851"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82073851"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic and autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation, autoimmune dysfunction, and cartilage and bone destruction. In this review, we summarized the available reports on the protective effects of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides (GLP) on RA in terms of anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anti-angiogenic and osteoprotective effects. Firstly, GLP inhibits RA synovial fibroblast (RASF) proliferation and migration, modulates pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and reduces synovial inflammation. Secondly, GLP regulates the proliferation and differentiation of antigen-presenting cells such as dendritic cells, inhibits phagocytosis by mononuclear macrophages and nature killer (NK) cells and regulates the ratio of M1, M2 and related inflammatory cytokines. In addition, GLP produced activities in balancing humoral and cellular immunity, such as regulating immunoglobulin production, modulating T and B lymphocyte proliferative responses and cytokine release, exhibiting immunomodulatory effects. Thirdly, GLP inhibits angiogenesis through the direct inhibition of vascular endothelial cell proliferation and induction of cell death and the indirect inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production in the cells. Finally, GLP can inhibit the production of matrix metalloproteinases and promote osteoblast formation, exerting protective effects on bone and articular cartilage. It is suggested that GLP may be a promising agent for the treatment of RA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28062483","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,9]],"date-time":"2023-03-09T01:35:37Z","timestamp":1678325737000},"page":"2483","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Potential Anti-Rheumatoid Arthritis Activities and Mechanisms of Ganoderma lucidum Polysaccharides"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Meng","family":"Meng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jialin","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116041, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yukun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Genuine Medicinal Materials in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing 404120, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huijun","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116041, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mozhen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2023","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30173-8","article-title":"Rheumatoid Arthritis","volume":"388","author":"Smolen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"591","article-title":"Global Epidemiology of Rheumatoid Arthritis","volume":"18","author":"Finckh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. 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