{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T11:47:08Z","timestamp":1769168828741,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,15]],"date-time":"2023-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678838400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101007578"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101007578"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PID2021-126400OB-C32"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2021-126400OB-C32"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","award":["101007578"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101007578"]}]},{"name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","award":["PID2021-126400OB-C32"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2021-126400OB-C32"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The removal of four Contaminants of Emerging Concern, namely bisphenol A, sulfamethoxazole, diclofenac and benzotriazole; two odorous compounds, geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol, frequently detected in recirculating aquaculture systems; and Hg(II) was investigated using ZnO-based materials doped or co-doped with Ce and Cu under simulated solar radiation. Photocatalysts were synthetized via a hydrothermal route and their efficiency was assessed by changing some operational parameters in different water matrices of increasing complexity. The mixture of contaminants was successfully degraded in just 1 h, while the complete mineralization was achieved in a few hours; experiments performed in an actual aquaculture water confirmed the efficiency and broad versatility of the synthesized materials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28062650","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,15]],"date-time":"2023-03-15T05:22:59Z","timestamp":1678857779000},"page":"2650","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Mercury and Organic Pollutants Removal from Aqueous Solutions by Heterogeneous Photocatalysis with ZnO-Based Materials"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Elisa","family":"Gaggero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Jos\u00e9","family":"L\u00f3pez-Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Tecnolog\u00eda Qu\u00edmica y Ambiental, ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28933 M\u00f3stoles, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6248-7243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Cristina","family":"Paganini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amaya","family":"Arencibia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Tecnolog\u00eda Qu\u00edmica, Energ\u00e9tica y Mec\u00e1nica, ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28933 M\u00f3stoles, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1982-247X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Bertinetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nieves","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez de Paz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metrohm Hispania, 28044 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Calza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization, and United Nations Children\u2019s Fund (2019). Progress on Household Drinking Water, Sanitation and Hygiene 2000\u20132017: Special Focus on Inequalities, World Health Organization."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"P\u00f6rtner, H.-O., Roberts, D.C., Tignor, M., Poloczanska, E.S., Mintenbeck, K., Alegr\u00eda, A., Craig, M., Langsdorf, S., L\u00f6schke, S., and M\u00f6ller, V. (2022). IPCC, 2022: Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Sanchez-Salas, J., Flores, D., and Bandala, E. (2018). Wastewater and Water Contamination: Sources, Assessment and Remediation, Nova Science Publishers Inc."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/S0883-2927(02)00159-2","article-title":"Pesticides and other micro-organic contaminants in freshwater sedimentary environments\u2014A review","volume":"18","author":"Warren","year":"2003","journal-title":"Appl. Geochem."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2018.05.029","article-title":"Health and environmental effects of persistent organic pollutants","volume":"263","author":"Alharbi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Mol. Liq."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.142122","article-title":"Occurrence and removal of chemicals of emerging concern in wastewater treatment plants and their impact on receiving water systems","volume":"754","author":"Golovko","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gsd.2017.12.009","article-title":"Occurrence and fate of emerging contaminants in water environment: A review","volume":"6","author":"Gogoi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Groundw. Sustain. Dev."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.05.079","article-title":"Patterns of toxic metals bioaccumulation in a cross-border freshwater reservoir","volume":"207","author":"Strungaru","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.143337","article-title":"A review on contaminants of emerging concern in European raptors (2002\u20132020)","volume":"760","author":"Asimakopoulos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665116000665","article-title":"Aquaculture: A rapidly growing and significant source of sustainable food? Status, transitions and potential","volume":"75","author":"Little","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. Nutr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"FAO (2020). The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2020. Sustainability in Action, FAO."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"9","article-title":"Controlling of geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol induced off-flavours in recirculating aquaculture system farmed fish\u2014A review","volume":"50","author":"Vielma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aquac. Res."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2003.09.032","article-title":"Tainting of farmed fish by geosmin and 2-methyl-iso-borneol: A review of sensory aspects and of uptake\/depuration","volume":"234","author":"Howgate","year":"2004","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2006.04.021","article-title":"Photocatalytic degradation study of diclofenac over aqueous TiO2 suspensions","volume":"67","author":"Calza","year":"2006","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. B Environ."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1522","DOI":"10.1021\/es00021a001","article-title":"Photocatalyzed destruction of water contaminants","volume":"25","author":"Ollis","year":"1991","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.159122","article-title":"Photocatalytic degradation of sulfamethoxazole using TiO(2)-based materials\u2014Perspectives for the development of a sustainable water treatment technology","volume":"856","author":"Musial","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjche.2021.10.030","article-title":"Improvement of synergistic effect photocatalytic\/peroxymonosulfate activation for degradation of amoxicillin using carbon dots anchored on rod-like CoFe2O4","volume":"52","author":"Shi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chin. J. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2022.01.107","article-title":"A ragged porous hollow tubular carbon nitride towards boosting visible-light photocatalytic hydrogen production in water and seawater","volume":"188","author":"Guo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Renew. Energy"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2022.129141","article-title":"A self-sufficient photo-Fenton system with coupling in-situ production H2O2 of ultrathin porous g-C3N4 nanosheets and amorphous FeOOH quantum dots","volume":"436","author":"Shi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2011.03.029","article-title":"Mercury removal from aqueous solutions of HgCl2 by heterogeneous photocatalysis with TiO2","volume":"104","author":"Aguado","year":"2011","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. B Environ."},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"Chowdhury, P., Elkamel, A., and Ray, A. (2014). Heavy Metals in Water: Presence, Removal and Safety, Royal Society of Chemistry."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1021\/jz402704n","article-title":"Efficiency of Solar-Light-Driven TiO2 Photocatalysis at Different Latitudes and Seasons. Where and When Does TiO2 Really Work?","volume":"5","author":"Folli","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2015.09.045","article-title":"Recent developments of zinc oxide based photocatalyst in water treatment technology: A review","volume":"88","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tsf.2015.12.064","article-title":"Recent progress on doped ZnO nanostructures for visible-light photocatalysis","volume":"605","author":"Samadi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Thin Solid Film."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2017.04.099","article-title":"Application of doped photocatalysts for organic pollutant degradation\u2014A review","volume":"198","author":"Khaki","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1039\/C6EE02265K","article-title":"Noble metal\u2013metal oxide nanohybrids with tailored nanostructures for efficient solar energy conversion, photocatalysis and environmental remediation","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Energy Environ. Sci."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8831","DOI":"10.1007\/s10853-019-03417-8","article-title":"Recent advances in structure design for enhancing photocatalysis","volume":"54","author":"He","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8326","DOI":"10.1039\/c3nr01577g","article-title":"Visible light driven type II heterostructures and their enhanced photocatalysis properties: A review","volume":"5","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2357","DOI":"10.1039\/D0MA00451K","article-title":"Mechanism of visible photon absorption: Unveiling of the C3N4\u2013ZnO photoactive interface by means of EPR spectroscopy","volume":"1","author":"Cerrato","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mater. Adv."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113775","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotochem.2022.113775","article-title":"Photocatalytic reductive and oxidative ability study of pristine ZnO and CeO2-ZnO heterojunction impregnated with Cu2O","volume":"427","author":"Cerrato","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol. A Chem."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4247","DOI":"10.1021\/acsaem.8b00887","article-title":"Origin of Visible Light Photoactivity of the CeO2\/ZnO Heterojunction","volume":"1","author":"Cerrato","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Energy Mater."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2016.03.093","article-title":"Assessment of the abatement of acelsulfame K using cerium doped ZnO as photocatalyst","volume":"323","author":"Calza","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_33","unstructured":"World Health Organization, and Food and Agriculture Organization (2012). Toxicological and Health Aspects of Bisphenol A: Report of Joint FAO\/WHO Expert Meeting 2\u20135 November 2010 and Report of Stakeholder Meeting on Bisphenol A, 1 November 2010 Ottawa, Canada, World Health Organization."},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"513","article-title":"Chapter 16\u2014Benzotriazoles: History, Environmental Distribution, and Potential Ecological Effects","volume":"Volume 67","author":"Zeng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5711","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-014-3974-5","article-title":"Bisphenol A, nonylphenols, benzophenones, and benzotriazoles in soils, groundwater, surface water, sediments, and food: A review","volume":"22","author":"Careghini","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134057","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134057","article-title":"Occurrence, interactive effects and ecological risk of diclofenac in environmental compartments and biota\u2014A review","volume":"698","author":"Sathishkumar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2007.05.034","article-title":"Sulfamethoxazole abatement by means of ozonation","volume":"150","author":"Dantas","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2020.158167","article-title":"Ternary systems based on ZnO\/CeO2\/Cu2O for the degradation of phenol and carbamazepine","volume":"856","author":"Cerrato","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1007\/s11244-020-01262-7","article-title":"TiO2 Photocatalytic Degradation of Diclofenac: Intermediates and Total Reaction Mechanism","volume":"63","author":"Moctezuma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Top. Catal."}],"container-title":["Molecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/28\/6\/2650\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:55:19Z","timestamp":1760122519000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/28\/6\/2650"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,15]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]}},"alternative-id":["molecules28062650"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules28062650","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-3049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1420-3049","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,15]]}}}