{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T01:09:38Z","timestamp":1789348178226,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,18]],"date-time":"2023-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Ministry of Health and Welfare","award":["HP20C0226"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HP20C0226"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Both defensin and inflammation are part of the human innate immune system that responds rapidly to pathogens. The combination of defensins with pro- or anti-inflammatory effects can be a potential research direction for the treatment of infection by pathogens. This study aimed to identify whether MSF (Miracle Synergy material made using Filipendula glaberrima), a probiotic lysate of Filipendula glaberrima extracts fermented with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum K8, activates the expression of human \u03b2-defensin (HBD2 and HBD3) to protect the host against pathogens and inhibit inflammation caused by S. aureus, in vitro with Western blot analysis, qRT-PCR and in vivo studies with a mouse model were used to evaluate the effects of MSF. The MSF treatment induced HBD2 and HBD3 expression via the p38 and NF-\u03baB pathways. Furthermore, MSF treatment significantly reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-\u03b1, IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, and IL-8), also through p38 and NF-\u03baB in S. aureus-induced inflammatory condition. MSF treatment remarkably reduced erythema in mice ears caused by the injection of S. aureus, while K8 lysate treatment did not initiate a strong recovery. Taken together, MSF induced the expression of HBD2 and HDB3 and activated anti-inflammatory activity more than the probiotic lysates of L. plantarum K8. These findings show that MSF is a potential defensin inducer and anti-inflammatory agent.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28062744","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,20]],"date-time":"2023-03-20T03:30:31Z","timestamp":1679283031000},"page":"2744","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["MSF Enhances Human Antimicrobial Peptide \u03b2-Defensin (HBD2 and HBD3) Expression and Attenuates Inflammation via the NF-\u03baB and p38 Signaling Pathways"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Anh-Thu","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Youngin 1732, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minho","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Youngin 1732, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8697-011X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ye-Eun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Youngin 1732, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6463-756X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hangeun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Center, Skin Biotechnology Center Co., Ltd., Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0395-207X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanghyun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunji","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Eumseong 27709, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0407-3018","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ki-Young","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Youngin 1732, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1159\/000441543","article-title":"Antimicrobial Peptides, Infections and the Skin Barrier","volume":"49","author":"Clausen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. 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