{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T07:18:38Z","timestamp":1772608718999,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,20]],"date-time":"2023-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679270400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","award":["buctrc202134"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["buctrc202134"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Herein, we describe a one-step method for synthesizing cationic acrylate-based core-shell latex (CACS latex), which is used to prepare architectural coatings with excellent antimicrobial properties. Firstly, a polymerizable water-soluble quaternary ammonium salt (QAS-BN) was synthesized using 2-(Dimethylamine) ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) and benzyl bromide by the Hoffman alkylation reaction. Then QAS-BN, butyl acrylate (BA), methyl methacrylate (MMA), and vinyltriethoxysilane (VTES) as reactants and 2,2\u2019-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (AIBA) as a water-soluble initiator were used to synthesize the CACS latex. The effect of the QAS-BN dosage on the properties of the emulsion and latex film was systematically investigated. The TGA results showed that using QAS-BN reduced the latex film\u2019s initial degradation temperature but improved its thermal stability. In the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) photographs, the self-stratification of latex particles with a high dosage of QAS-BN was observed, forming a core-shell structure of latex particles. The DSC, TGA, XPS, SEM, and performance tests confirmed the core-shell structure of the latex particles. The relationship between the formation of the core-shell structure and the content of QAS-BN was proved. The formation of the core-shell structure was due to the preferential reaction of water-soluble monomers in the aqueous phase, which led to the aggregation of hydrophilic groups, resulting in the formation of soft-core and hard-shell latex particles. However, the water resistance of the films formed by CACS latex was greatly reduced. We introduced a p-chloromethyl styrene and n-hexane diamine (p-CMS\/EDA) crosslinking system, effectively improving the water resistance in this study. Finally, the antimicrobial coating was prepared with a CACS emulsion of 7 wt.% QAS-BN and 2 wt.% p-CMS\/EDA. The antibacterial activity rates of this antimicrobial coating against E. coli and S. aureus were 99.99%. The antiviral activity rates against H3N2, HCoV-229E, and EV71 were 99.4%, 99.2%, and 97.9%, respectively. This study provides a novel idea for the morphological design of latex particles. A new architectural coating with broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties was obtained, which has important public health and safety applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28062795","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,21]],"date-time":"2023-03-21T02:36:22Z","timestamp":1679366182000},"page":"2795","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["One-Step Synthesis of Self-Stratification Core-Shell Latex for Antimicrobial Coating"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Guanzhou","family":"Zhen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Engineering Research Center of Synthesis and Application of Waterborne Polymer, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3532-7236","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuanchun","family":"Mu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Engineering Research Center of Synthesis and Application of Waterborne Polymer, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composite, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peichen","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Engineering Research Center of Synthesis and Application of Waterborne Polymer, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yankun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Engineering Research Center of Synthesis and Application of Waterborne Polymer, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Engineering Research Center of Synthesis and Application of Waterborne Polymer, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composite, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.porgcoat.2022.107135","article-title":"Anti-Viral Organic Coatings for High Touch Surfaces Based on Smart-Release, Cu2+ Containing Pigments","volume":"172","author":"Saud","year":"2022","journal-title":"Prog. 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