{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T12:46:52Z","timestamp":1780490812440,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,21]],"date-time":"2023-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679356800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO) Bio-oriented Technology Research Advancement Institution","award":["16932813"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16932813"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Daily consumption of eggplant powder containing 2.3 mg acetylcholine (ACh) is known to alleviate hypertension and improve mental status. However, eggplant powder used in clinical trials also contains the antihypertensive compound \u03b3-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Although our previous study indicated that the main antihypertensive compound in eggplant is ACh, given that GABA amounts in eggplant do not reach the effective dosage, the effects of GABA on the antihypertensive effect of eggplant remain unclear. It is necessary to establish whether there is a synergistic effect between GABA and ACh and whether GABA in eggplant exerts antihypertensive effects. Consequently, here we sought to evaluate the effects of GABA on the antihypertensive effects of eggplant. We used a probability sum (q) test to investigate the combined effects of ACh and GABA and prepared eggplant powder with very low ACh content for oral administration in animals. ACh and GABA exhibited additive effects but the GABA content in eggplants was not sufficient to promote a hypotensive effect. In conclusion, ACh is the main component associated with the antihypertensive effects of eggplant but GABA within eggplants has a minimal effect in this regard. Thus, compared with GABA, ACh could be a more effective functional food constituent for lowering blood pressure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28062835","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,22]],"date-time":"2023-03-22T06:35:28Z","timestamp":1679466928000},"page":"2835","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Evaluation of the Antihypertensive Activity of Eggplant Acetylcholine and \u03b3-Aminobutyric Acid in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6499-9779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenhao","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 8304 Minamiminowa, Nagano 399-4598, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shohei","family":"Yamaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellnas Co., Ltd., 1-28-5 Koenjiminami, Suginami-Ku, Tokyo 166-0003, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, 8304 Minamiminowa, Nagano 399-4598, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masahiro","family":"Koyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellnas Co., Ltd., 1-28-5 Koenjiminami, Suginami-Ku, Tokyo 166-0003, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kozo","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 8304 Minamiminowa, Nagano 399-4598, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, 8304 Minamiminowa, Nagano 399-4598, Japan"},{"name":"Institute of Agriculture, Academic Assembly, Shinshu University, 8304 Minamiminowa, Nagano 399-4598, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2023, February 08). 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