{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T19:09:53Z","timestamp":1788376193686,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,21]],"date-time":"2023-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679356800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"King Saud University","award":["RSP-2022R520"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSP-2022R520"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Withania adpressa Coss. ex is a plant used in traditional medications. Antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal properties of the essential oil from leaves of Withania adpressa Coss ex. (EOW) were investigated. EOW was extracted using a Clevenger apparatus, and its volatile compounds were characterized by GC-MS. Antioxidant potency was determined using DPPH, FRAP, and TAC assays. Antibacterial effects were determined vs. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumonia; while its antifungal efficacy was determined vs. Candida albicans, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, and Fusarium oxysporum using the disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration bioassays. A chromatographic analysis showed that EOW contained eight phytochemical compounds constituting 99.14% of the total mass of oil. Caryophyllene (24.74%), Longifolene (21.37%), \u03b4-Cadinene (19.08%), and Carene (14.86%) were predominant compounds in EOW. The concentrations required to inhibit 50% of free radical (IC50) values of antioxidant activities of EOW were 0.031 \u00b1 0.006 mg\/mL (DPPH), 0.011 \u00b1 0.003 mg\/mL (FRAP), and 846.25 \u00b1 1.07 mg AAE\/g (TAC). Inhibition zone diameters of EOW vs. bacteria were 18.11 \u00b1 0.5 mm (E. coli), 17.10 \u00b1 0.42 mm (S. aureus), 12.13 \u00b1 0.31 mm (K. pneumoniae), and 11.09 \u00b1 0.47 mm (S. pneumoniae), while MIC values were 51 \u00b1 3, 47 \u00b1 5, 46 \u00b1 3 and 31 \u00b1 1 \u00b5g\/mL, respectively. Inhibition zone diameters of EOW vs. fungi were 31.32 \u00b1 1.32, 29.00 \u00b1 1.5, 27.63 \u00b1 2.10, and 24.51 \u00b1 s1.07 mm for A. flavus, C. albicans, F. oxysporum, and A. niger, respectively. MIC values were 8.41 \u00b1 0.40, 28.04 \u00b1 0.26, 9.05 \u00b1 0.76, and 22.26 \u00b1 0.55 \u00b5g\/mL, respectively. Importantly, the highest dose of EOW (1 mg\/mL) showed negligible (~5%) cytotoxicity against MCF-12, a normal human epithelial cell line derived from the mammary gland, thus underscoring its wide safety and selectivity against tested microbes. To sum it up, EOW has exhibited promising antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, which suggests potential to abrogate antibiotic resistance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28062839","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,22]],"date-time":"2023-03-22T06:35:28Z","timestamp":1679466928000},"page":"2839","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Volatile Constituents in Essential Oil from Leaves of Withania adpressa Coss. Ex Exhibit Potent Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties against Clinically-Relevant Pathogens"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3707-8461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed","family":"Bourhia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ibn Zohr University, Laayoune 70000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4076-9856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdullah A.","family":"Alyousef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghizlane","family":"Doumane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Process Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, BP 242, Kenitra 14000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4975-2647","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hamza","family":"Saghrouchni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, \u00c7ukurova University, 1380 Adana, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1931-9962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John P.","family":"Giesy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Integrative Biology, Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA"},{"name":"Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97266, Waco, TX 76798-7266, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7378-549X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lahcen","family":"Ouahmane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, Agro-Sciences and Environment (BioMAgE), Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatiha EL","family":"Gueddari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Chemistry, Biochemistry, Nutrition, and Environment, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Hassan II, Casablanca 20000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yazeed A.","family":"Al-Sheikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9395-0563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mourad A. M.","family":"Aboul-Soud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Bellakhdar, J. (1998). The Traditional Moroccan Pharmacopee, Ancient Arab Medicine and Popular Knowledge, IBIS Press."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1515\/chem-2020-0124","article-title":"Citrullus colocynthis (L.) 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