{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T07:14:08Z","timestamp":1789024448223,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,21]],"date-time":"2023-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679356800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Public Call n. 04\/2021 PROPESQ\/PRPG-Federal University of Para\u00edba-UFPB","award":["PIG14859-2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PIG14859-2021"]}]},{"name":"Public Call n. 04\/2021 PROPESQ\/PRPG-Federal University of Para\u00edba-UFPB","award":["306729\/2019-9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["306729\/2019-9"]}]},{"name":"Public Call n. 04\/2021 PROPESQ\/PRPG-Federal University of Para\u00edba-UFPB","award":["3136\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3136\/2021"]}]},{"name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) Produtividade em Pesquisa","award":["PIG14859-2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PIG14859-2021"]}]},{"name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) Produtividade em Pesquisa","award":["306729\/2019-9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["306729\/2019-9"]}]},{"name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) Produtividade em Pesquisa","award":["3136\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3136\/2021"]}]},{"name":"Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES), and Para\u00edba State Research Foundation (FAPESQ)","award":["PIG14859-2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PIG14859-2021"]}]},{"name":"Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES), and Para\u00edba State Research Foundation (FAPESQ)","award":["306729\/2019-9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["306729\/2019-9"]}]},{"name":"Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES), and Para\u00edba State Research Foundation (FAPESQ)","award":["3136\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3136\/2021"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Leishmania infantum is the etiological agent of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in South America, the Mediterranean basin, and West and Central Asia. The most affected country, Brazil, reported 4297 VL cases in 2017. L. infantum is transmitted by female phlebotomine sand flies during successive blood meals. There are no validated vaccines to prevent the infection and the treatment relies on drugs that often present severe side effects, which justify the efforts to find new antileishmanial drugs. Cinnamic acid derivatives have shown several pharmacological activities, including antiparasitic action. Therefore, in the present study, the biological evaluation of cinnamic acid and thirty-four derivatives against L. infantum is reported. The compounds were prepared by several synthesis methods and characterized by spectroscopic techniques and high-resolution mass spectrometry. The results revealed that compound 32 (N-(4-isopropylbenzyl)cinnamamide) was the most potent antileishmanial agent (IC50 = 33.71 \u03bcM) with the highest selectivity index (SI &gt; 42.46), followed by compound 15 (piperonyl cinnamate) with an IC50 = 42.80 \u03bcM and SI &gt; 32.86. Compound 32 was slightly less potent and nineteen times more selective for the parasite than amphotericin B (MIC = 3.14 uM; SI = 2.24). In the molecular docking study, the most likely target for the compound in L. infantum was aspartyl aminopeptidase, followed by aldehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrial. The data obtained show the antileishmanial potential of this class of compounds and may be used in the search for new drug candidates against Leishmania species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28062844","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,22]],"date-time":"2023-03-22T06:35:28Z","timestamp":1679466928000},"page":"2844","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Antileishmanial Activity of Cinnamic Acid Derivatives against Leishmania infantum"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5967-9554","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mayara Castro","family":"de Morais","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Para\u00edba, Jo\u00e3o Pessoa 58051-900, BP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gisele Alves","family":"Medeiros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Para\u00edba, Jo\u00e3o Pessoa 58051-900, BP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernanda Silva","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology of Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraiba, Jo\u00e3o Pessoa 58051-900, BP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliana da C\u00e2mara","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology of Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraiba, Jo\u00e3o Pessoa 58051-900, BP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3710-0035","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yunierkis","family":"Perez-Castillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bio-Cheminformatics Research Group and Area de Ciencias Aplicadas, Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad de Las Americas, Quito 170503, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0964-389X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatjana de Souza Lima","family":"Keesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology of Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraiba, Jo\u00e3o Pessoa 58051-900, BP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7180-4896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dami\u00e3o Pergentino","family":"de Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Para\u00edba, Jo\u00e3o Pessoa 58051-900, BP, Brazil"},{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Federal University of Para\u00edba, Jo\u00e3o Pessoa 58051-900, BP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2023, January 20). 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