{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T04:08:24Z","timestamp":1777608504591,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,10]],"date-time":"2023-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681084800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["52164027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52164027"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2021GXNSFAA220063"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021GXNSFAA220063"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province","award":["52164027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52164027"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province","award":["2021GXNSFAA220063"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021GXNSFAA220063"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The full-concentrationgradient LiNi0.9Co0.083Mn0.017O2 (CG-LNCM), consisting of core Ni-rich LiNi0.93Co0.07O2, transition zone LiNi1\u2212x\u2212yCoxMnyO2, and outmost shell LiNi1\/3Co1\/3Mn1\/3O2 was prepared by a facile co-precipitation method and high-temperature calcination. CG-LNCM was then investigated with an X-ray diffractometer, ascanning electron microscope, a transmission electron microscope, and electrochemical measurements. The results demonstrate that CG-LNCM has a lower cation mixing of Li+ and Ni2+ and larger Li+ diffusion coefficients than concentration-constant LiNi0.9Co0.083Mn0.017O2 (CC-LNCM). CG-LNCM presents a higher capacity and a better rate of capability and cyclability than CC-LNCM. CG-LNCM and CC-LNCM show initial discharge capacities of 221.2 and 212.5 mAh g\u22121 at 0.2C (40 mA g\u22121) with corresponding residual discharge capacities of 177.3 and 156.1 mAh g\u22121 after 80 cycles, respectively. Even at high current rates of 2C and 5C, CG-LNCM exhibits high discharge capacities of 165.1 and 149.1 mAh g\u22121 after 100 cycles, respectively, while the residual discharge capacities of CC-LNCM are as low as 148.8 and 117.9 mAh g\u22121 at 2C and 5C after 100 cycles, respectively. The significantly improved electrochemical performance of CG-LNCM is attributed to its concentration-gradient microstructure and the composition distribution of concentration-gradient LiNi0.9Co0.083Mn0.017O2. The special concentration-gradient design and the facile synthesis are favorable for massive manufacturing of high-performance Ni-rich ternary cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28083347","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,10]],"date-time":"2023-04-10T07:11:43Z","timestamp":1681110703000},"page":"3347","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Outstanding Electrochemical Performance of Ni-Rich Concentration-Gradient Cathode Material LiNi0.9Co0.083Mn0.017O2 for Lithium-Ion Batteries"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Hechen","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-Chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yiwen","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-Chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuanhua","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China"},{"name":"School of Automobile Engineering, Guilin University of Aerospace Technology, Guilin 541004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nengshuang","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-Chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruicong","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-Chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yachun","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-Chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6936-4126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Quanqi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-Chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China"},{"name":"School of Automobile Engineering, Guilin University of Aerospace Technology, Guilin 541004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1038\/35104644","article-title":"Issues and challenges facing rechargeable lithium batteries","volume":"414","author":"Tarascon","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2565","DOI":"10.1039\/b820555h","article-title":"Recent advances in rec hargeable battery materials: A chemist\u2019s perspective","volume":"38","author":"Palacin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chem. 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