{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:04:29Z","timestamp":1760148269887,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":139,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,15]],"date-time":"2023-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["82271120","82121003","82201234","2019-12M-5-032","2022ZYD0066","2022YFS0606","2023YFS0086"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82271120","82121003","82201234","2019-12M-5-032","2022ZYD0066","2022YFS0606","2023YFS0086"]}]},{"name":"CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences","award":["82271120","82121003","82201234","2019-12M-5-032","2022ZYD0066","2022YFS0606","2023YFS0086"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82271120","82121003","82201234","2019-12M-5-032","2022ZYD0066","2022YFS0606","2023YFS0086"]}]},{"name":"Sichuan Science and Technology Program","award":["82271120","82121003","82201234","2019-12M-5-032","2022ZYD0066","2022YFS0606","2023YFS0086"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82271120","82121003","82201234","2019-12M-5-032","2022ZYD0066","2022YFS0606","2023YFS0086"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hereditary ophthalmopathy is a well-described threat to human visual health affecting millions of people. Gene therapy for ophthalmopathy has received widespread attention with the increasing understanding of pathogenic genes. Effective and safe delivery of accurate nucleic acid drugs (NADs) is the core of gene therapy. Efficient nanodelivery and nanomodification technologies, appropriate targeted genes, and the choice of drug injection methods are the guiding lights of gene therapy. Compared with traditional drugs, NADs can specifically change the expression of specific genes or restore the normal function of mutant genes. Nanodelivery carriers can improve targeting and nanomodification can improve the stability of NADs. Therefore, NADs, which can fundamentally solve pathogeny, hold great promise in the treatment of ophthalmopathy. This paper reviews the limitations of ocular disease treatment, discusses the classification of NADs in ophthalmology, reveals the delivery strategies of NADs to improve bioavailability, targeting, and stability, and summarizes the mechanisms of NADs in ophthalmopathy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28083500","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,17]],"date-time":"2023-04-17T02:02:59Z","timestamp":1681696979000},"page":"3500","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Nanotechnology Lighting the Way for Gene Therapy in Ophthalmopathy: From Opportunities toward Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Weiming","family":"Ren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China"},{"name":"Health Management Center, Sichuan Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suyang","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China"},{"name":"Health Management Center, Sichuan Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chunbao","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lingxi","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China"},{"name":"Health Management Center, Sichuan Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China"},{"name":"Health Management Center, Sichuan Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China"},{"name":"Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.c.31837","article-title":"Molecular diagnostic challenges for non-retinal developmental eye disorders in the United Kingdom","volume":"184","author":"Jackson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Genet. Part C Semin. Med. Genet."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-021-01824-5","article-title":"Therapeutic effect of simultaneous intravitreal dexamethasone and aflibercept on diabetic macular edema","volume":"59","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Diabetol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e04559","DOI":"10.1002\/ccr3.4559","article-title":"Methotrexate monotherapy for unilateral moderately active thyroid-related eye disease","volume":"9","author":"Elnahry","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fabre, M., Mateo, L., Lamaa, D., Baillif, S., Pag\u00e8s, G., Demange, L., Ronco, C., and Benhida, R. (2022). Recent Advances in Age-Related Macular Degeneration Therapies. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27165089"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1795","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69740-7","article-title":"Retinitis pigmentosa","volume":"368","author":"Hartong","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pharmtox.48.060607.174028","article-title":"Pharmacotherapy for the Treatment of Choroidal Neovascularization Due to Age-Related Macular Degeneration","volume":"48","author":"Novack","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1887","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1414221","article-title":"Long-Term Effect of Gene Therapy on Leber\u2019s Congenital Amaurosis","volume":"372","author":"Bainbridge","year":"2015","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"1160","article-title":"Mechanisms and management of retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"368","author":"Rajesh","year":"2013","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80602-9","article-title":"Insights into the function of Rim protein in photoreceptors and etiology of Stargardt\u2019s disease from the phenotype in abcr knockout mice","volume":"98","author":"Weng","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-021-00898-0","article-title":"The current landscape of nucleic acid therapeutics","volume":"16","author":"Kulkarni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1089\/hum.2016.040","article-title":"Advances in Gene Therapy for Diseases of the Eye","volume":"27","author":"Petit","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum. Gene Ther."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wen, L.-Y., Wan, L., Lai, J.-N., Chen, C.S., Chen, J.J.-Y., Wu, M.-Y., Hu, K.-C., Chiu, L.-T., Tien, P.-T., and Lin, H.-J. (2021). Increased risk of Alzheimer\u2019s disease among patients with age-related macular degeneration: A nationwide population-based study. PLoS ONE, 16.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0250440"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ogla.2020.04.005","article-title":"Recurrent Tube Erosions with Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Therapy in Patients with Age-Related Macular Degeneration","volume":"3","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ophthalmol. Glaucoma"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1159\/000520171","article-title":"Development of Macular Atrophy in Patients with Wet Age-Related Macular Degeneration Receiving Anti-VEGF Treatment","volume":"245","author":"Foss","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172747","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.172747","article-title":"Selected nucleos(t)ide-based prescribed drugs and their multi-target activity","volume":"865","author":"Gillner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1089\/hum.2018.078","article-title":"Gene Therapy Rescues Retinal Degeneration in Receptor Expression-Enhancing Protein 6 Mutant Mice","volume":"30","author":"Zaneveld","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hum. Gene Ther."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4098","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.26730","article-title":"An open-label, phase 2 trial of RPI.4610 (angiozyme) in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer","volume":"118","author":"Morrow","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1159\/000517686","article-title":"Antisense Oligonucleotide Therapy for Neurodevelopmental Disorders","volume":"43","author":"Hill","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1159\/000228926","article-title":"Emerging Pharmacologic Therapies for Wet Age-Related Macular Degeneration","volume":"223","author":"Ni","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-4835(03)00030-7","article-title":"Recent developments in ocular gene therapy","volume":"76","year":"2003","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1038\/d41573-023-00013-z","article-title":"An mRNA universal vaccine for influenza","volume":"22","author":"Villanueva","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10807","DOI":"10.3389\/adar.2022.10807","article-title":"Noncoding RNA therapeutics for substance use disorder","volume":"2","author":"Seyednejad","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Alcohol Res."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s12033-022-00539-4","article-title":"CRISPR and Antisense RNA Technology: Exploiting Nature\u2019s Tool to Restrain Virulence in Tenacious Pathogens","volume":"65","author":"Ashwath","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1261\/rna.079454.122","article-title":"Hammerhead ribozyme-based U-insertion and deletion RNA editing assays for multiplexing in HTS applications","volume":"29","author":"Rostamighadi","year":"2022","journal-title":"RNA"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pestbp.2022.105285","article-title":"RNAi-mediated knockdown of juvenile hormone acid O-methyltransferase disrupts larval development in the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel)","volume":"188","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pestic. Biochem. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kamenova, S., Sharapkhanova, A., Akimniyazova, A., Kuzhybayeva, K., Kondybayeva, A., Rakhmetullina, A., Pyrkova, A., and Ivashchenko, A. (2022). piRNA and miRNA Can Suppress the Expression of Multiple Sclerosis Candidate Genes. Nanomaterials, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nano13010022"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, X., Hu, J., Ning, Y., Xu, H., Cai, H., Yang, A., Shi, Z., and Li, Z. (2023). Aptamer Technology and Its Applications in Bone Diseases. Cell Transplant., 32.","DOI":"10.1177\/09636897221144949"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1097\/APO.0000000000000228","article-title":"Strategies for Gene Mapping in Inherited Ophthalmic Diseases","volume":"5","author":"Srilekha","year":"2016","journal-title":"Asia Pac. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.24241","article-title":"Pathophysiology and management of glaucoma associated with phakomatoses","volume":"97","author":"Thavikulwat","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1612","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2013.01.004","article-title":"Age-related Macular Degeneration and Modification of Systemic Complement Factor H Production Through Liver Transplantation","volume":"120","author":"Khandhadia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108605","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108605","article-title":"Ongoing controversies and recent insights of the ARMS2-HTRA1 locus in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"210","author":"May","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.08.004","article-title":"ARMS2 Increases the Risk of Early and Late Age-related Macular Degeneration in the European Eye Study","volume":"120","author":"Chakravarthy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heiferman, M.J., and Fawzi, A.A. (2019). Progression of subclinical choroidal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration. PLoS ONE, 14.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0217805"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Courtaut, F., Scagliarini, A., Aires, V., Cornebise, C., de Barros, J.-P.P., Olmiere, C., and Delmas, D. (2021). VEGF-R2\/Caveolin-1 Pathway of Undifferentiated ARPE-19 Retina Cells: A Potential Target as Anti-VEGF-A Therapy in Wet AMD by Resvega, an Omega-3\/Polyphenol Combination. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22126590"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765503","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2021.765503","article-title":"Identification and Functional Characterization of a Novel Nonsense Variant in ARR3 in a Southern Chinese Family with High Myopia","volume":"12","author":"Yuan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Genet."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-14850","article-title":"Detection of Mutations in LRPAP1, CTSH, LEPREL1, ZNF644, SLC39A5, and SCO2 in 298 Families with Early-Onset High Myopia by Exome Sequencing","volume":"56","author":"Jiang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Investig. Opthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Y.-M., Lu, S.-Y., Zhang, X.-J., Chen, L.-J., Pang, C.-P., and Yam, J.C. (2022). Myopia Genetics and Heredity. Children, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/children9030382"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4052","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.19-27921","article-title":"Expanding the Phenotypic and Genotypic Landscape of Nonsyndromic High Myopia: A Cross-Sectional Study in 731 Chinese Patients","volume":"60","author":"Cai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Investig. Opthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.3109\/08820538.2015.1114856","article-title":"Course of Ocular Function in PRPF31 Retinitis Pigmentosa","volume":"31","author":"Hafler","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semin. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1080\/13816810.2017.1418388","article-title":"Investigating the disease association of USH2A p.C759F variant by leveraging large retinitis pigmentosa cohort data","volume":"39","author":"DuPont","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Genet."},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"158","article-title":"Retinal dystrophies and variants in PRPH2","volume":"82","author":"Martin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arq. Bras. De Oftalmol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1076\/opge.22.3.133.2224","article-title":"Update on the molecular genetics of retinitis pigmentosa","volume":"22","author":"Wang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Genet."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pep.2018.02.008","article-title":"Full-length myocilin protein is purified from mammalian cells as a dimer","volume":"147","author":"Katoli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Protein Expr. Purif."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2021.12443","article-title":"Novel compound heterozygous mutations in CYP1B1 identified in a Chinese family with developmental glaucoma","volume":"24","author":"Cai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1785","DOI":"10.2147\/RMHP.S307290","article-title":"A Pedigree Report of a Rare Case of Weill\u2013Marchesani Syndrome with New Compound Heterozygous LTBP2 Mutations","volume":"14","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Risk Manag. Health Policy"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5243","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.07-1625","article-title":"Human p32 Is a Novel FOXC1-Interacting Protein That Regulates FOXC1 Transcriptional Activity in Ocular Cells","volume":"49","author":"Huang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Investig. Opthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jin, X., Liu, W., Qv, L.H., and Huang, H.B. (2021). A novel variant in PAX6 as the cause of aniridia in a Chinese family. BMC Ophthalmol., 21.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-021-01848-z"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1007\/s10517-020-04960-0","article-title":"The Role of Polymorphic Markers rs1478604, rs2292305, and rs2228262 in THBS1 Gene in the Development of Autoimmune Dry Eye Syndrome","volume":"169","author":"Safonova","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bull. Exp. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4897","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.12-213702","article-title":"Down-regulation and CpG island hypermethylation of CRYAA in age-related nuclear cataract","volume":"26","author":"Zhou","year":"2012","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2013.135","article-title":"Fetal intracerebral hemorrhage and cataract: Think COL4A1","volume":"34","author":"Colin","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Perinatol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shi, X., Cui, B., Wang, Z., Weng, L., Xu, Z., Ma, J., Xu, G., Kong, X., and Hu, L. (2009). Removal of Hsf4 leads to cataract development in mice through down-regulation of gamma S-crystallin and Bfsp expression. BMC Mol. Biol., 10.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2199-10-10"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107853","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2019.107853","article-title":"Uveitis genetics","volume":"190","author":"Hou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107991","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2020.107991","article-title":"Integrin alpha5beta1 promotes BMCs mobilization and differentiation to exacerbate choroidal neovascularization","volume":"193","author":"Lv","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-011-0198-7","article-title":"AGEs, RAGE, and diabetic retinopathy","volume":"11","author":"Zong","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Diab. Rep."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3119","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.54.11.3119","article-title":"Aldose Reductase Deficiency Prevents Diabetes-Induced Blood-Retinal Barrier Breakdown, Apoptosis, and Glial Reactivation in the Retina of db\/db Mice","volume":"54","author":"Cheung","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842805","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.842805","article-title":"The Efficacy of Simultaneous Injection of Dexamethasone Implant and Ranibizumab into Vitreous Cavity on Macular Edema Secondary to Central Retinal Vein Occlusion","volume":"13","author":"Du","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1159\/000522110","article-title":"Controlled Subretinal Injection Pressure Prevents Damage in Pigs","volume":"245","author":"Olufsen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2016.10.009","article-title":"Lipid nanoparticles (SLN, NLC): Overcoming the anatomical and physiological barriers of the eye\u2014Part I\u2014Barriers and determining factors in ocular delivery","volume":"110","author":"Espina","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225102","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4769821","article-title":"Kinetic analysis of the effects of target structure on siRNA efficiency","volume":"137","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2012.00154","article-title":"Development of Therapeutic-Grade Small Interfering RNAs by Chemical Engineering","volume":"3","author":"Bramsen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Genet."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2040","DOI":"10.1021\/acssynbio.1c00213","article-title":"Circularly-Permuted Pistol Ribozyme: A Synthetic Ribozyme Scaffold for Mammalian Riboswitches","volume":"10","author":"Mustafina","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Synth. Biol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1007\/s40820-020-0409-3","article-title":"Multi-targeted Antisense Oligonucleotide Delivery by a Framework Nucleic Acid for Inhibiting Biofilm Formation and Virulence","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nano Micro Lett."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112047","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2021.112047","article-title":"Self-assembly of an aptamer-decorated chimeric peptide nanocarrier for targeted cancer gene delivery","volume":"208","author":"Dehghani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3976","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.3c00028","article-title":"Recent Advances in DNA Origami-Engineered Nanomaterials and Applications","volume":"123","author":"Zhan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2091","DOI":"10.1039\/C6CS00632A","article-title":"Colloidal capsules: Nano- and microcapsules with colloidal particle shells","volume":"46","author":"Bollhorst","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3387","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.0c10396","article-title":"In Situ Self-Assembly Nanomicelle Microneedles for Enhanced Photoimmunotherapy via Autophagy Regulation Strategy","volume":"15","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1039\/C5CS00695C","article-title":"Syntheses and biomedical applications of hollow micro-\/nano-spheres with large-through-holes","volume":"45","author":"Si","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-020-0090-8","article-title":"Engineering precision nanoparticles for drug delivery","volume":"20","author":"Mitchell","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2008618","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202008618","article-title":"Design and Use of a Thermogelling Methylcellulose Nanoemulsion to Formulate Nanocrystalline Oral Dosage Forms","volume":"33","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12181","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.1c00244","article-title":"Lipids and Lipid Derivatives for RNA Delivery","volume":"121","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2021.130498","article-title":"Nano-in-Nano dendrimer gel particles for efficient topical delivery of antiglaucoma drugs into the eye","volume":"425","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13434","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.0c00690","article-title":"Self-Assembling Peptide EAK16 and RADA16 Nanofiber Scaffold Hydrogel","volume":"120","author":"Gelain","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2005.01.009","article-title":"Cell culture models of the ocular barriers","volume":"60","author":"Hornof","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1261\/rna.2192803","article-title":"Lentivirus-delivered stable gene silencing by RNAi in primary cells","volume":"9","author":"Stewart","year":"2003","journal-title":"RNA"},{"key":"ref_75","first-page":"21","article-title":"Effects of lentiviral RNA interference-mediated downregulation of integrin-linked kinase on biological behaviors of human lens epithelial cells","volume":"9","author":"Zheng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-27492010000500012","article-title":"Gene transfer to primary corneal epithelial cells with an integrating lentiviral vector","volume":"73","author":"Kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arq. Bras. De Oftalmol."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3496","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.05-1610","article-title":"Inhibition of Choroidal Neovascularization by Adenovirus-Mediated Delivery of Short Hairpin RNAs Targeting VEGF as a Potential Therapy for AMD","volume":"47","author":"Cashman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Investig. Opthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-011-9779-x","article-title":"Protective Effects of Adeno-associated Virus Mediated Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor Expression on Retinal Ganglion Cells in Diabetic Rats","volume":"32","author":"Gong","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_79","first-page":"708","article-title":"Recombinant adeno-associated virus delivered human thioredoxin-PR39 prevents hypoxia-induced apoptosis of ECV304 cells","volume":"7","author":"Ruan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtm.2017.11.003","article-title":"Delivery of CR2-fH Using AAV Vector Therapy as Treatment Strategy in the Mouse Model of Choroidal Neovascularization","volume":"9","author":"Schnabolk","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Ther. Methods Clin. Dev."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000000825","article-title":"Voriconazole-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Ocular Drug Delivery","volume":"35","author":"Andrade","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3553","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.05-0165","article-title":"Vitreous: A Barrier to Nonviral Ocular Gene Therapy","volume":"46","author":"Peeters","year":"2005","journal-title":"Investig. Opthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2012.10.014","article-title":"Retinal drug delivery using eyedrop preparations of poly-l-lysine-modified liposomes","volume":"83","author":"Sasaki","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2007.12.007","article-title":"Diclofenac sodium delivery to the eye: In vitro evaluation of novel solid lipid nanoparticle formulation using human cornea construct","volume":"355","author":"Attama","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1514","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.15230","article-title":"Cell-Specific Promoters Enable Lipid-Based Nanoparticles to Deliver Genes to Specific Cells of the Retina In Vivo","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2020.01.008","article-title":"Multifunctional carboxymethyl chitosan derivatives-layered double hydroxide hybrid nanocomposites for efficient drug delivery to the posterior segment of the eye","volume":"104","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3264","DOI":"10.1021\/nn305958y","article-title":"Targeted Intraceptor Nanoparticle Therapy Reduces Angiogenesis and Fibrosis in Primate and Murine Macular Degeneration","volume":"7","author":"Luo","year":"2013","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e3181f049a8","article-title":"Ocular Side Effects Associated with Peribulbar Injections of Triamcinolone Acetonide for Diabetic Macular Edema","volume":"31","author":"Chew","year":"2011","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6497","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S329831","article-title":"Ten Years of Knowledge of Nano-Carrier Based Drug Delivery Systems in Ophthalmology: Current Evidence, Challenges, and Future Prospective","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.09-139147","article-title":"Gene delivery to mitotic and postmitotic photoreceptors Via compacted DNA nanoparticles results in improved phenotype in a mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa","volume":"24","author":"Cai","year":"2009","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2012.06.079","article-title":"Cationic core-shell liponanoparticles for ocular gene delivery","volume":"33","author":"Jiang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-9525(98)01530-3","article-title":"Ribozymes to the rescue: Repairing genetically defective mRNAs","volume":"14","author":"Rossi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Trends Genet."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hendry, P., McCall, M.J., Stewart, T.S., and Lockett, T.J. (2004). Redesigned and chemically-modified hammerhead ribozymes with improved activity and serum stability. BMC Chem. Biol., 4.","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6769-4-1"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1081\/NCN-200026063","article-title":"Binary Hammerhead Ribozymes with High Cleavage Activity","volume":"23","author":"Kuznetsova","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nucl. Nucl. Nucleic Acids"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a017285","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a017285","article-title":"The Status of RPE65 Gene Therapy Trials: Safety and Efficacy","volume":"5","author":"Pierce","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Med."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1038\/3813","article-title":"Rpe65 is necessary for production of 11-cis-vitamin A in the retinal visual cycle","volume":"20","author":"Redmond","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1428","DOI":"10.1089\/hum.2018.014","article-title":"Results at 5 Years After Gene Therapy for RPE65-Deficient Retinal Dystrophy","volume":"29","author":"Pennesi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum. Gene Ther."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1705346","article-title":"Treating Disease at the RNA Level with Oligonucleotides","volume":"380","author":"Levin","year":"2019","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.12330","article-title":"Small-interfering RNAs (siRNAs) as a promising tool for ocular therapy","volume":"170","author":"Loma","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-022-01643-y","article-title":"Targeted OUM1\/PTPRZ1 silencing and synergetic CDT\/enhanced chemical therapy toward uveal melanoma based on a dual-modal imaging-guided manganese metal-organic framework nanoparticles","volume":"20","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnol."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1111\/pcmr.13042","article-title":"A Phase 1 study of ADI-PEG20 (pegargiminase) combined with cisplatin and pemetrexed in ASS1-negative metastatic uveal melanoma","volume":"35","author":"Chan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pigment Cell Melanoma Res."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2017.08.034","article-title":"MicroRNA","volume":"141","author":"Lu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-020-00451-4","article-title":"Current understanding of the molecular and cellular pathology of diabetic retinopathy","volume":"17","author":"Antonetti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_104","first-page":"181","article-title":"Dexamethasone Eye Drops for the Treatment of Retinopathy of Prematurity","volume":"6","author":"Andreasson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ophthalmol. Retin."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5126","DOI":"10.1039\/D0CS01430C","article-title":"Recent progress in non-native nucleic acid modifications","volume":"50","author":"McKenzie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174035","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.174035","article-title":"MicroRNA-126 inhibits pathological retinal neovascularization via suppressing vascular endothelial growth factor expression in a rat model of retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"900","author":"Fan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2019.04.002","article-title":"MicroRNAs in the cornea: Role and implications for treatment of corneal neovascularization","volume":"17","author":"Mukwaya","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ocul. Surf."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd4278","article-title":"mRNA-based therapeutics\u2014Developing a new class of drugs","volume":"13","author":"Sahin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-020-00656-y","article-title":"Lentiviral delivery of co-packaged Cas9 mRNA and a Vegfa-targeting guide RNA prevents wet age-related macular degeneration in mice","volume":"5","author":"Ling","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2019.02.012","article-title":"Delivering the Messenger: Advances in Technologies for Therapeutic mRNA Delivery","volume":"27","author":"Kowalski","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2583","DOI":"10.1039\/C5CS00645G","article-title":"Aptamer-integrated DNA nanostructures for biosensing, bioimaging and cancer therapy","volume":"45","author":"Meng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.01-1156","article-title":"Controlled Delivery of the Anti-VEGF Aptamer EYE001 with Poly(lactic-co-glycolic)Acid Microspheres","volume":"44","author":"Carrasquillo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Investig. Opthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.2174\/1566524043360410","article-title":"Ribozymes in the age of molecular therapeutics","volume":"4","author":"Bagheri","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3836","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.04-1283","article-title":"Ribozyme knockdown of the gamma-subunit of rod cGMP phosphodiesterase alters the ERG and retinal morphology in wild-type mice","volume":"46","author":"Liu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2011.298","article-title":"Gene therapy for leber congenital amaurosis caused by RPE65 mutations: Safety and efficacy in 15 children and adults followed up to 3 years","volume":"130","author":"Jacobson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1111\/fcp.12561","article-title":"Progress on ocular siRNA gene-silencing therapy and drug delivery systems","volume":"35","author":"Jiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fundam. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pfeiffer, N., Voykov, B., Renieri, G., Bell, K., Richter, P., Weigel, M., Thieme, H., Wilhelm, B., Lorenz, K., and Feindor, M. (2017). First-in-human phase I study of ISTH0036, an antisense oligonucleotide selectively targeting transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGF-beta2), in subjects with open-angle glaucoma undergoing glaucoma filtration surgery. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0188899"},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S68498","article-title":"An open-label, one-year, noncomparative study to evaluate the safety and tolerability of intravitreal pegaptanib sodium in patients with diabetic macular edema","volume":"8","author":"Sivaprasad","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S18873","article-title":"Intravitreal pegaptanib for refractory macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion","volume":"5","author":"Udaondo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100915","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2020.100915","article-title":"Immune responses to retinal gene therapy using adeno-associated viral vectors\u2014Implications for treatment success and safety","volume":"83","author":"Bucher","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1879","DOI":"10.1080\/14656566.2019.1636031","article-title":"Innovative therapies for neovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"20","author":"Hussain","year":"2019","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8676","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.16823","article-title":"Biodistribution of adeno-associated virus type 2 carrying multi-characteristic opsin in dogs following intravitreal injection","volume":"25","author":"Tchedre","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cell. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108482","article-title":"RNA therapeutics in ophthalmology\u2014Translation to clinical trials","volume":"205","author":"Gupta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2013.217","article-title":"Phase I clinical trial of SYL040012, a small interfering RNA targeting beta-adrenergic receptor 2, for lowering intraocular pressure","volume":"22","author":"Sadaba","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6447","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.16-20303","article-title":"Safety and Efficacy Clinical Trials for SYL1001, a Novel Short Interfering RNA for the Treatment of Dry Eye Disease","volume":"57","author":"Turman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Investig. Opthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.3109\/13816810.2013.865762","article-title":"Sorting out Co-occurrence of Rare Monogenic Retinopathies: Stargardt Disease Co-existing with Congenital Stationary Night Blindness","volume":"35","author":"Huynh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Genet."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1868","DOI":"10.1007\/s11427-021-1941-7","article-title":"The ER membrane protein complex subunit Emc3 controls angiogenesis via the FZD4\/WNT signaling axis","volume":"64","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. China Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794805","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2021.794805","article-title":"Gene-Based Therapeutics for Inherited Retinal Diseases","volume":"12","author":"Fenner","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Genet."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2018.10.044","article-title":"Box Behnken design of siRNA-loaded liposomes for the treatment of a murine model of ocular keratitis caused by Acanthamoeba","volume":"173","author":"Zorzi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces"},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2022.08.026","article-title":"Mitochondria-targeted nanozymes eliminate oxidative damage in retinal neovascularization disease","volume":"350","author":"Xue","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1007\/s11427-021-2020-0","article-title":"CD146 as a promising therapeutic target for retinal and choroidal neovascularization diseases","volume":"65","author":"Xue","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. China Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-023-01775-9","article-title":"Customizing delivery nano-vehicles for precise brain tumor therapy","volume":"21","author":"Miao","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnol."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-022-01567-7","article-title":"Recent achievements in nano-based technologies for ocular disease diagnosis and treatment, review and update","volume":"20","author":"Afarid","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnol."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Y., Wu, M., and Guo, H. (2023). Modified mRNA as a Treatment for Myocardial Infarction. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24054737"},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-023-01766-w","article-title":"Edible and cation-free kiwi fruit derived vesicles mediated EGFR-targeted siRNA delivery to inhibit multidrug resistant lung cancer","volume":"21","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnol."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1111\/fcp.12674","article-title":"The numerical probability of carcinogenicity to humans of some pharmaceutical drugs: Alkylating agents, topoisomerase inhibitors or poisons, and DNA intercalators","volume":"35","author":"Orozco","year":"2021","journal-title":"Fundam. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S228070","article-title":"A Review of Topical Cyclosporine A Formulations\u2014A Disease-Modifying Agent for Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca","volume":"14","author":"Jerkins","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khin, S.Y., Soe, H.M.S.H., Chansriniyom, C., Pornputtapong, N., Asasutjarit, R., Loftsson, T., and Jansook, P. (2022). Development of Fenofibrate\/Randomly Methylated beta-Cyclodextrin-Loaded Eudragit((R)) RL 100 Nanoparticles for Ocular Delivery. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27154755"},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4386","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201300875","article-title":"Smart Drug Delivery Nanocarriers with Self-Assembled DNA Nanostructures","volume":"25","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."}],"container-title":["Molecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/28\/8\/3500\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:16:37Z","timestamp":1760123797000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/28\/8\/3500"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,15]]},"references-count":139,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"alternative-id":["molecules28083500"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules28083500","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-3049"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1420-3049"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,15]]}}}