{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T07:59:10Z","timestamp":1770364750175,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,21]],"date-time":"2023-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hydroxyapatite (HA; Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) coating of bone implants has many beneficial properties as it improves osseointegration and eventually becomes degraded and replaced with new bone. We prepared HA coating on a titanium substrate with atomic layer deposition (ALD) and compared monocyte differentiation and material resorption between ALD-HA and bone. After stimulation with macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL), human peripheral blood monocytes differentiated into resorbing osteoclasts on bovine bone, but non-resorbing foreign body cells were observed on ALD-HA. The analysis of the topography of ALD-HA and bone showed no differences in wettability (water contact angle on ALD-HA 86.2\u00b0 vs. 86.7\u00b0 on the bone), but the surface roughness of ALD-HA (Ra 0.713 \u00b5m) was significantly lower compared to bone (Ra 2.30 \u00b5m). The cellular reaction observed on ALD-HA might be a consequence of the topographical properties of the coating. The absence of resorptive osteoclasts on ALD-HA might indicate inhibition of their differentiation or the need to modify the coating to induce osteoclast differentiation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28083611","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,21]],"date-time":"2023-04-21T02:05:31Z","timestamp":1682042731000},"page":"3611","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Monocyte Differentiation on Atomic Layer-Deposited (ALD) Hydroxyapatite Coating on Titanium Substrate"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0821-0718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elina","family":"Kylm\u00e4oja","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Institute of Cancer Research and Translational Medicine, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8032-9396","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Faleh","family":"Abushahba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Stomatognathic Physiology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jani","family":"Holopainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, 00014 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6210-2980","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mikko","family":"Ritala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, 00014 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juha","family":"Tuukkanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Institute of Cancer Research and Translational Medicine, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1002\/maco.200804173","article-title":"Corrosion Aspects of Metallic Implants\u2014An Overview","volume":"59","author":"Balamurugan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mater. Corros."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2019.08.006","article-title":"Challenges of Pre-Clinical Testing in Orthopedic Implant Development","volume":"72","author":"Cheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med. Eng. 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