{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T20:44:49Z","timestamp":1790628289201,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,9]],"date-time":"2023-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683590400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of the People\u2019s Republic of China","award":["2018YFC1707003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFC1707003"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Crude herbs of Daphne genkwa (CHDG) are often used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat scabies baldness, carbuncles, and chilblain owing to their significant purgation and curative effects. The most common technique for processing DG involves the use of vinegar to reduce the toxicity of CHDG and enhance its clinical efficacy. Vinegar-processed DG (VPDG) is used as an internal medicine to treat chest and abdominal water accumulation, phlegm accumulation, asthma, and constipation, among other diseases. In this study, the changes in the chemical composition of CHDG after vinegar processing and the inner components of the changed curative effects were elucidated using optimized ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS). Untargeted metabolomics, based on multivariate statistical analyses, was also used to profile differences between CHDG and VPDG. Eight marker compounds were identified using orthogonal partial least-squares discrimination analysis, which indicated significant differences between CHDG and VPDG. The concentrations of apigenin-7-O-\u03b2-d-methylglucuronate and hydroxygenkwanin were considerably higher in VPDG than those in CHDG, whereas the amounts of caffeic acid, quercetin, tiliroside, naringenin, genkwanines O, and orthobenzoate 2 were significantly lower. The obtained results can indicate the transformation mechanisms of certain changed compounds. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to employ mass spectrometry to detect the marker components of CHDG and VPDG.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28103990","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,10]],"date-time":"2023-05-10T01:57:51Z","timestamp":1683683871000},"page":"3990","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Identification of Daphne genkwa and Its Vinegar-Processed Products by Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography\u2013Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry and Chemometrics"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Hongying","family":"Mi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China"},{"name":"Research and Inspection Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, National Medical Products Administration, No. 31 Huatuo Road, Beijing 102629, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Inspection Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, National Medical Products Administration, No. 31 Huatuo Road, Beijing 102629, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingwen","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Inspection Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, National Medical Products Administration, No. 31 Huatuo Road, Beijing 102629, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huiyuan","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7598-0723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Feng","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Inspection Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, National Medical Products Administration, No. 31 Huatuo Road, Beijing 102629, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tulin","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Material Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuangcheng","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Inspection Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, National Medical Products Administration, No. 31 Huatuo Road, Beijing 102629, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/s13020-018-0163-3","article-title":"Seeing the unseen of Chinese herbal medicine processing (Paozhi): Advances in new perspectives","volume":"13","author":"Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chin. 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