{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T05:39:56Z","timestamp":1792215596721,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]],"date-time":"2023-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684454400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The nutritional and health properties of algae make them perfect functional ingredients for nutraceutical and cosmeceutical applications. In this study, the Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin (Phaeodactylaceae), a pleiomorphic diatom commonly found in marine ecosystems, was investigated. The in vitro culture conditions used favoured the fusiform morphotype, characterized by a high accumulation of neutral lipids, as detected by fluorescence microscopy after BODIPY staining. These data were confirmed by HPLC-DAD-APCI-MS\/MS analyses carried out on the ethanolic extract (PTE), which showed a high content of xanthophylls (98.99%), and in particular of fucoxanthin (Fx, 6.67 g\/100 g PTE). The antioxidant activity (ORAC, FRAP, TEAC and \u03b2-carotene bleaching) and photostability of PTE and Fx against UVA and UVB rays were firstly evaluated by in vitro cell-free assays. After this, phototoxicity and photoprotective studies were carried out on in vitro reconstructed human epidermidis models. Results demonstrated that PTE (0.1% Fx) and 0.1% Fx, both photostable, significantly (p &lt; 0.05) reduce oxidative and inflammatory stress markers (ROS, NO and IL-1\u03b1), as well as cytotoxicity and sunburn cells induced by UVA and UVB doses simulating the solar radiation, with an excellent safety profile. However, PTE proved to be more effective than Fx, suggesting its effective and safe use in broad-spectrum sunscreens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28104190","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]],"date-time":"2023-05-19T10:08:55Z","timestamp":1684490935000},"page":"4190","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Xanthophyll-Rich Extract of Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin as New Photoprotective Cosmeceutical Agent: Safety and Efficacy Assessment on In Vitro Reconstructed Human Epidermis Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9756-304X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonella","family":"Smeriglio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences (ChiBioFarAm), University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d\u2019Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Lionti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Archimede Ricerche Srl, Corso Italia 220, 18033 Camporosso, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, Via Leon Battista Alberti, 2, 16132 Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariarosaria","family":"Ingegneri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences (ChiBioFarAm), University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d\u2019Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7545-0311","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno","family":"Burlando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy\u2014DIFAR, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132 Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9154-7789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Cornara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6477-3182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federica","family":"Grillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy"},{"name":"IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0193-5281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Mastracci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy"},{"name":"IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4358-5224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Domenico","family":"Trombetta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences (ChiBioFarAm), University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d\u2019Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Babich, O., Sukhikh, S., Larina, V., Kalashnikova, O., Kashirskikh, E., Prosekov, A., Noskova, S., Ivanova, S., Fendri, I., and Smaoui, S. 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