{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T17:20:37Z","timestamp":1788456037081,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":115,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]],"date-time":"2023-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684972800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universiti Teknologi Malaysia","award":["R.J130000.7113.05E53"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R.J130000.7113.05E53"]}]},{"name":"Faculty of Resilience, Rabdan Academy, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","award":["R.J130000.7113.05E53"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R.J130000.7113.05E53"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Peanuts (Arachis hypogea) can be made into various products, from oil to butter to roasted snack peanuts and candies, all from the kernels. However, the skin is usually thrown away, used as cheap animal feed, or as one of the ingredients in plant fertilizer due to its little value on the market. For the past ten years, studies have been conducted to determine the full extent of the skin\u2019s bioactive substance repertoire and its powerful antioxidant potential. Alternatively, researchers reported that peanut skin could be used and be profitable in a less-intensive extraction technique. Therefore, this review explores the conventional and green extraction of peanut oil, peanut production, peanut physicochemical characteristics, antioxidant activity, and the prospects of valorization of peanut skin. The significance of the valorization of peanut skin is that it contains high antioxidant capacity, catechin, epicatechin resveratrol, and procyanidins, which are also advantageous. It could be exploited in sustainable extraction, notably in the pharmaceutical industries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28114325","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]],"date-time":"2023-05-25T02:30:06Z","timestamp":1684981806000},"page":"4325","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Valorization of Peanut Skin as Agricultural Waste Using Various Extraction Methods: A Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4886-496X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicky Rahmana","family":"Putra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Lipid Engineering and Applied Research (CLEAR), Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dwila Nur","family":"Rizkiyah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Lipid Engineering and Applied Research (CLEAR), Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9868-3302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohd Azizi","family":"Che Yunus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Lipid Engineering and Applied Research (CLEAR), Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4143-4975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmad Hazim","family":"Abdul Aziz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0253-0796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmad Shah Hizam","family":"Md Yasir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Resilience, Rabdan Academy, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 114646, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0733-126X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irianto","family":"Irianto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Resilience, Rabdan Academy, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 114646, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jumakir","family":"Jumakir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta 10110, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Waluyo","family":"Waluyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta 10110, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suparwoto","family":"Suparwoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta 10110, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lailatul","family":"Qomariyah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"FAO (2022). 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