{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T17:11:44Z","timestamp":1787677904561,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,5]],"date-time":"2023-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685923200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Startup Foundation for Ph.D. of Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)","award":["81110570"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81110570"]}]},{"name":"Startup Foundation for Ph.D. of Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)","award":["ZR2020QE027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2020QE027"]}]},{"name":"Startup Foundation for Ph.D. of Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)","award":["2022PX041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022PX041"]}]},{"name":"Startup Foundation for Ph.D. of Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)","award":["202228021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202228021"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81110570"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81110570"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2020QE027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2020QE027"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022PX041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022PX041"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202228021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202228021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"basic research project of pilot project of integration of science, education and production","award":["81110570"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81110570"]}]},{"name":"basic research project of pilot project of integration of science, education and production","award":["ZR2020QE027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2020QE027"]}]},{"name":"basic research project of pilot project of integration of science, education and production","award":["2022PX041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022PX041"]}]},{"name":"basic research project of pilot project of integration of science, education and production","award":["202228021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202228021"]}]},{"name":"Taishan Scholars Program and Jinan Innovation Team","award":["81110570"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81110570"]}]},{"name":"Taishan Scholars Program and Jinan Innovation Team","award":["ZR2020QE027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2020QE027"]}]},{"name":"Taishan Scholars Program and Jinan Innovation Team","award":["2022PX041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022PX041"]}]},{"name":"Taishan Scholars Program and Jinan Innovation Team","award":["202228021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202228021"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays important roles in environmental ecosystems. While many studies have explored the characteristics of aged biochar, limited information is available about the properties of DOM derived from aged biochar. In this study, biochar obtained from maize stalk and soybean straw were aged using farmland or vegetable-soil solution, as well as soil solution containing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Chemical composition of the extracted DOM from the aged biochar was analyzed via excitation\u2013emission matrix coupled with fluorescence regional integration (FRI) and parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC). Obtained results showed that biochar aged with H2O2-enriched soil solution had higher water-soluble organic carbon, ranging from 147.26\u2013734.13% higher than the controls. FRI analysis revealed fulvic and humic-like organics as the key components, with a considerable increase of 57.48\u2013235.96% in the humic-like component, especially in soybean-straw-aged biochar. PARAFAC identified four humic-like substance components. Concurrently, the aromaticity and humification of the aged-biochar-derived DOM increased, while the molecular weight decreased. These findings suggest that DOM derived from aged biochar, with a high content of humic-like organics, might impact the mobility and toxicity of pollutants in soil.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28114558","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,6]],"date-time":"2023-06-06T02:08:15Z","timestamp":1686017295000},"page":"4558","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Characterization of Dissolved Organic Matter Released from Aged Biochar: A Comparative Study of Two Feedstocks and Multiple Aging Approaches"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Yan","family":"Yue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering & Technology Center of Electrochemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leqi","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yantai Research Institute, China Agricultural University, Yantai 264670, China"},{"name":"College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guitong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yantai Research Institute, China Agricultural University, Yantai 264670, China"},{"name":"College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering & Technology Center of Electrochemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongfang","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2017.01.096","article-title":"Efficiency of sewage sludge biochar in improving urban soil properties and promoting grass growth","volume":"173","author":"Yue","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.130358","article-title":"Enrichment of potential degrading bacteria accelerates removal of tetracyclines and their epimers from cow manure biochar amended soil","volume":"278","author":"Yue","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoderma.2019.06.006","article-title":"How close is artificial biochar aging to natural biochar aging in fields? A meta-analysis","volume":"352","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14797","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.0c04033","article-title":"Biochar aging: Mechanisms, physicochemical changes, assessment, and implications for field applications","volume":"54","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.catena.2017.08.008","article-title":"Quantity and quality changes of biochar aged for 5 years in soil under field conditions","volume":"159","author":"Dong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Catena"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2013.11.066","article-title":"Characterization of biochar-derived dissolved organic matter using UV\u2013visible absorption and excitation\u2013emission fluorescence spectroscopies","volume":"103","author":"Jamieson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.07.282","article-title":"Application potential of biochar in environment: Insight from degradation of biochar-derived DOM and complexation of DOM with heavy metals","volume":"646","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20180164","DOI":"10.1590\/1678-992x-2018-0164","article-title":"Processes that influence dissolved organic matter in the soil: A review","volume":"77","author":"Gmach","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Agric."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2021.130387","article-title":"Roles of biochar-derived dissolved organic matter in soil amendment and environmental remediation: A critical review","volume":"424","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4683","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.9b01103","article-title":"Characterizing properties and environmental behaviors of dissolved organic matter using two-dimensional correlation spectroscopic analysis","volume":"53","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.04.143","article-title":"Revealing the impact of pyrolysis temperature on dissolved organic matter released from the biochar prepared from Typha orientalis","volume":"228","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105590","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaap.2022.105590","article-title":"Insight to the physiochemical properties and DOM of biochar under different pyrolysis temperature and modification conditions","volume":"166","author":"Cao","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Anal. Appl. Pyrol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2018.12.069","article-title":"Dissolved organic matter characterization of biochars produced from different feedstock materials","volume":"233","author":"Rajapaksha","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jwpe.2022.102569","article-title":"Quantitative and qualitative characteristics of dissolved organic matter derived from biochar depending on the modification method and biochar type","volume":"46","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Water Process Eng."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118044","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2022.118044","article-title":"Characteristics and chlorine reactivity of biochar-derived dissolved organic matter: Effects of feedstock type and pyrolysis temperature","volume":"211","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.137423","article-title":"The comparison of dissolved organic matter in hydrochars and biochars from pig manure","volume":"720","author":"Song","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2017.03.064","article-title":"Predicting potential release of dissolved organic matter from biochars derived from agricultural residues using fluorescence and ultraviolet absorbance","volume":"334","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ren, J., Yu, P., and Xu, X. (2019). Straw utilization in China\u2014Status and recommendations. Sustainability, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/su11061762"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5701","DOI":"10.1021\/es034354c","article-title":"Fluorescence excitation\u2212emission matrix regional integration to quantify spectra for dissolved organic matter","volume":"37","author":"Chen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lei, X., Pan, J., and Devlin, A.T. (2019). Characteristics of absorption spectra of chromophoric dissolved organic matter in the Pearl river estuary in spring. Remote Sens., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11131533"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1038\/ngeo2440","article-title":"Persistence of dissolved organic matter in lakes related to its molecular characteristics","volume":"8","author":"Kellerman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Geosci."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103666","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marchem.2019.103666","article-title":"A mechanistic model of photochemical transformation and degradation of colored dissolved organic matter","volume":"214","author":"Clark","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mar. Chem."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.126207","article-title":"Effects of high concentrations of sulfate on dissolved organic matter in paddy soils revealed by excitation-emission matrix analyzing","volume":"249","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4500","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-18331-w","article-title":"Canadian permafrost stores large pools of ammonium and optically distinct dissolved organic matter","volume":"11","author":"Christiansen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31502","DOI":"10.1039\/D0RA02706E","article-title":"Fluorescence regional integration combined with parallel factor analysis to quantify fluorescencent spectra for dissolved organic matter released from manure biochars","volume":"10","author":"Peng","year":"2020","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2006","DOI":"10.1021\/es2043504","article-title":"Behavior of reoccurring PARAFAC components in fluorescent dissolved organic matter in natural and engineered systems: A critical review","volume":"46","author":"Ishii","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.4319\/lom.2008.6.572","article-title":"Characterizing dissolved organic matter fluorescence with parallel factor analysis: A tutorial","volume":"6","author":"Stedmon","year":"2008","journal-title":"Limnol. Oceanogr.-Meth."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13517","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.7b02528","article-title":"Black carbon (biochar) in water\/soil environments: Molecular structure, sorption, stability, and potential risk","volume":"51","author":"Lian","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147091","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.147091","article-title":"Biochar induced changes of soil dissolved organic matter: The release and adsorption of dissolved organic matter by biochar and soil","volume":"783","author":"Feng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11211","DOI":"10.1021\/es501885n","article-title":"Effects of mineral additives on biochar formation: Carbon retention, stability, and properties","volume":"48","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.02.137","article-title":"H2O2 treatment enhanced the heavy metals removal by manure biochar in aqueous solutions","volume":"628\u2013629","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2015.08.046","article-title":"Biochar-surface oxygenation with hydrogen peroxide","volume":"165","author":"Huff","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.126184","article-title":"Analysis of the complexation behaviors of Cu(II) with DOM from sludge-based biochars and agricultural soil: Effect of pyrolysis temperature","volume":"250","author":"Xing","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1039\/C3AY41935E","article-title":"OpenFluor\u2212an online spectral library of auto-fluorescence by organic compounds in the environment","volume":"6","author":"Murphy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anal. Methods"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2014.01.053","article-title":"Spectroscopic characterisation of dissolved organic matter changes in drinking water treatment: From PARAFAC analysis to online monitoring wavelengths","volume":"54","author":"Shutova","year":"2014","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5969","DOI":"10.5194\/bg-11-5969-2014","article-title":"Partial coupling and differential regulation of biologically and photochemically labile dissolved organic carbon across boreal aquatic networks","volume":"11","author":"Lapierre","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biogeosciences"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133714","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.133714","article-title":"Biodegradation-induced signatures in sediment pore water dissolved organic matter: Implications from artificial sediments composed of two contrasting sources","volume":"694","author":"Derrien","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.9b07123","article-title":"Variations in colloidal DOM composition with molecular weight within individual water samples as characterized by flow field-flow fractionation and EEM-PARAFAC analysis","volume":"54","author":"Lin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1648","DOI":"10.1021\/acsestwater.1c00185","article-title":"Wildfire-derived pyrogenic carbon modulates riverine organic matter and biofilm enzyme activities in an in situ flume experiment","volume":"1","author":"Bistarelli","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS EST Water"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129824","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.129824","article-title":"Relationships between dissolved black carbon and dissolved organic matter in streams","volume":"271","author":"Yamashita","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5b04314","article-title":"Photochemistry of dissolved black carbon released from biochar: Reactive oxygen species generation and phototransformation","volume":"50","author":"Fu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.03.121","article-title":"Spectroscopic measurements of estuarine dissolved organic matter dynamics during a large-scale Mississippi River flood diversion","volume":"485\u2013486","author":"Kolic","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gca.2006.06.1554","article-title":"Chemical characteristics of dissolved organic nitrogen in an oligotrophic subtropical coastal ecosystem","volume":"70","author":"Maie","year":"2006","journal-title":"Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orggeochem.2009.03.002","article-title":"Properties of fluorescent dissolved organic matter in the Gironde Estuary","volume":"40","author":"Huguet","year":"2009","journal-title":"Org. Geochem."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2016.08.028","article-title":"Characteristics and potential values of bio-oil, syngas and biochar derived from Salsola collina Pall. in a fixed bed slow pyrolysis system","volume":"220","author":"Yue","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaap.2017.01.008","article-title":"Slow pyrolysis as a measure for rapidly treating cow manure and the biochar characteristics","volume":"124","author":"Yue","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Anal. Appl. Pyrol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1080\/05704928.2017.1345758","article-title":"A review on the methods for correcting the fluorescence inner-filter effect of fluorescence spectrum","volume":"52","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Spectrosc. Rev."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120821","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2019.120821","article-title":"Biochar accelerates the removal of tetracyclines and their intermediates by altering soil properties","volume":"380","author":"Yue","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."}],"container-title":["Molecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/28\/11\/4558\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:48:35Z","timestamp":1760125715000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/28\/11\/4558"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,5]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]}},"alternative-id":["molecules28114558"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules28114558","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-3049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1420-3049","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,5]]}}}