{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T21:51:32Z","timestamp":1791582692329,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,11]],"date-time":"2023-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686441600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Province, China","award":["LTGC23C200002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LTGC23C200002"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Province, China","award":["2021C31011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021C31011"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Project of Zhoushan, China","award":["LTGC23C200002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LTGC23C200002"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Project of Zhoushan, China","award":["2021C31011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021C31011"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The large-scale use of sulfonamide antimicrobials in human and veterinary medicine has seriously endangered the ecological environment and human health. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a simple and robust method for the simultaneous determination of seventeen sulfonamides in water using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry coupled with fully automated solid-phase extraction. Seventeen isotope-labeled internal standards for sulfonamides were used to correct matrix effects. Several parameters affecting extraction efficiency were systematically optimized, and the enrichment factors were up to 982\u22121033 and only requiring about 60 min per six samples. Under the optimized conditions, this method manifested good linearity (0.05\u2013100 \u03bcg\/L), high sensitivity (detection limits: 0.01\u20130.05 ng\/L), and satisfactory recoveries (79\u2013118%) with acceptable relative standard deviations (0.3\u201314.5%, n = 5). The developed method can be successfully utilized for the determination of 17 sulfonamides in pure water, tap water, river water, and seawater. In total, six and seven sulfonamides were detected in river water and seawater, respectively, with a total concentration of 8.157\u201329.676 ng\/L and 1.683\u201336.955 ng\/L, respectively, and sulfamethoxazole was the predominant congener.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28124694","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,12]],"date-time":"2023-06-12T02:28:42Z","timestamp":1686536922000},"page":"4694","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["An Automated Solid-Phase Extraction\u2013UPLC\u2013MS\/MS Method for Simultaneous Determination of Sulfonamide Antimicrobials in Environmental Water"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Mengyu","family":"Qi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Marine and Fisheries, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316021, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Technology Research for Fisheries Resources of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Zhoushan 316021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pengfei","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Technology Research for Fisheries Resources of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Zhoushan 316021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3750-3755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongmei","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Technology Research for Fisheries Resources of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Zhoushan 316021, China"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310007, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tongtong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Marine and Fisheries, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316021, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Technology Research for Fisheries Resources of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Zhoushan 316021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiejun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Technology Research for Fisheries Resources of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Zhoushan 316021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1993-2970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoning","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yilin","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Marine and Fisheries, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingjie","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Marine and Fisheries, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316021, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Technology Research for Fisheries Resources of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Zhoushan 316021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanming","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Technology Research for Fisheries Resources of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Zhoushan 316021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.131189","article-title":"Application of UHPLC-MS\/MS method to study occurrence and fate of sulfonamide antibiotics and their transformation products in surface water in highly urbanized areas","volume":"283","author":"Kokoszka","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122833","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2021.122833","article-title":"Simultaneous preconcentration and determination of sulfonamide antibiotics in milk and yoghurt by dynamic pH junction focusing coupled with capillary 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