{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T21:20:27Z","timestamp":1771536027979,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,20]],"date-time":"2023-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687219200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["51563020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51563020"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["22101186"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22101186"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["GJJ2202116"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GJJ2202116"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["GDRC202114"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GDRC202114"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2022AH020038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022AH020038"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["KF202201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KF202201"]}]},{"name":"Department of Education Project of Jiangxi Province","award":["51563020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51563020"]}]},{"name":"Department of Education Project of Jiangxi Province","award":["22101186"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22101186"]}]},{"name":"Department of Education Project of Jiangxi Province","award":["GJJ2202116"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GJJ2202116"]}]},{"name":"Department of Education Project of Jiangxi Province","award":["GDRC202114"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GDRC202114"]}]},{"name":"Department of Education Project of Jiangxi Province","award":["2022AH020038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022AH020038"]}]},{"name":"Department of Education Project of Jiangxi Province","award":["KF202201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KF202201"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Top Talent of SZTU","award":["51563020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51563020"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Top Talent of SZTU","award":["22101186"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22101186"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Top Talent of SZTU","award":["GJJ2202116"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GJJ2202116"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Top Talent of SZTU","award":["GDRC202114"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GDRC202114"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Top Talent of SZTU","award":["2022AH020038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022AH020038"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Top Talent of SZTU","award":["KF202201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KF202201"]}]},{"name":"Foundation of Anhui Province for Distinguished Young Scholars","award":["51563020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51563020"]}]},{"name":"Foundation of Anhui Province for Distinguished Young Scholars","award":["22101186"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22101186"]}]},{"name":"Foundation of Anhui Province for Distinguished Young Scholars","award":["GJJ2202116"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GJJ2202116"]}]},{"name":"Foundation of Anhui Province for Distinguished Young Scholars","award":["GDRC202114"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GDRC202114"]}]},{"name":"Foundation of Anhui Province for Distinguished Young Scholars","award":["2022AH020038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022AH020038"]}]},{"name":"Foundation of Anhui Province for Distinguished Young Scholars","award":["KF202201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KF202201"]}]},{"name":"Foundation of State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering","award":["51563020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51563020"]}]},{"name":"Foundation of State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering","award":["22101186"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22101186"]}]},{"name":"Foundation of State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering","award":["GJJ2202116"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GJJ2202116"]}]},{"name":"Foundation of State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering","award":["GDRC202114"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GDRC202114"]}]},{"name":"Foundation of State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering","award":["2022AH020038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022AH020038"]}]},{"name":"Foundation of State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering","award":["KF202201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KF202201"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Regulating bulk polymeric carbon nitride (PCN) into nanostructured PCN has long been proven effective in enhancing its photocatalytic activity. However, simplifying the synthesis of nanostructured PCN remains a considerable challenge and has drawn widespread attention. This work reported the one-step green and sustainable synthesis of nanostructured PCN in the direct thermal polymerization of the guanidine thiocyanate precursor via the judicious introduction of hot water vapor\u2019s dual function as gas-bubble templates along with a green etching reagent. By optimizing the temperature of the water vapor and polymerization reaction time, the as-prepared nanostructured PCN exhibited a highly boosted visible-light-driven photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity. The highest H2 evolution rate achieved was 4.81mmol\u2219g\u22121\u2219h\u22121, which is over four times larger than that of the bulk PCN (1.19 mmol\u2219g\u22121\u2219h\u22121) prepared only by thermal polymerization of the guanidine thiocyanate precursor without the assistance of bifunctional hot water vapor. The enhanced photocatalytic activity might be attributed to the enlarged BET specific surface area, increased active site quantity, and highly accelerated photo-excited charge-carrier transfer and separation. Moreover, the sustainability of this environmentally friendly hot water vapor dual-function mediated method was also shown to be versatile in preparing other nanostructured PCN photocatalysts derived from other precursors such as dicyandiamide and melamine. This work is expected to provide a novel pathway for exploring the rational design of nanostructured PCN for highly efficient solar energy conversion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28124862","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,21]],"date-time":"2023-06-21T02:01:33Z","timestamp":1687312893000},"page":"4862","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Bifunctional Hot Water Vapor Template-Mediated Synthesis of Nanostructured Polymeric Carbon Nitride for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Baihua","family":"Long","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Pingxiang University, Pingxiang 337055, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongmei","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Pingxiang University, Pingxiang 337055, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Pingxiang University, Pingxiang 337055, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenwen","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Pingxiang University, Pingxiang 337055, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Quan","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi\u2019an 710062, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Health Science and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2626-2637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sugang","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry and Applications, Ministry of Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05399-1","article-title":"Solar-to-hydrogen efficiency of more than 9% in photocatalytic water splitting","volume":"613","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03907-3","article-title":"Photocatalytic solar hydrogen production from water on a 100-m2 scale","volume":"598","author":"Nishiyama","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119789","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2020.119789","article-title":"Efficient photocatalytic H2 evolution, CO2 reduction and N2 fixation coupled with organic synthesis by cocatalyst and vacancies engineering","volume":"285","author":"Meng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl. 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