{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T13:13:54Z","timestamp":1790342034080,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,20]],"date-time":"2023-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687219200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012986","name":"Universidad Francisco de Vitoria","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UFV2022-11"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UFV2022-11"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012986","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012986","name":"Universidad Francisco de Vitoria","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FFA-2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FFA-2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012986","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n Banco Sabadell and Fundaci\u00f3n Familia Alonso","award":["UFV2022-11"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UFV2022-11"]}]},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n Banco Sabadell and Fundaci\u00f3n Familia Alonso","award":["FFA-2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FFA-2019"]}]},{"name":"Universidad Francisco de Vitoria FPI fellowship","award":["UFV2022-11"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UFV2022-11"]}]},{"name":"Universidad Francisco de Vitoria FPI fellowship","award":["FFA-2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FFA-2019"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Neuroinflammation plays a crucial role in the progression of Alzheimer\u2019s disease and other neurodegenerative disorders. Overactivated microglia cause neurotoxicity and prolong the inflammatory response in many neuropathologies. In this study, we have synthesised a series of isatin derivatives to evaluate their anti-neuroinflammatory potential using lipopolysaccharide activated microglia as a cell model. We explored four different substitutions of the isatin moiety by testing their anti-neuroinflammatory activity on BV2 microglia cells. Based on the low cytotoxicity and the activity in reducing the release of nitric oxide, pro-inflammatory interleukin 6 and tumour necrosis factor \u03b1 by microglial cells, the N1-alkylated compound 10 and the chlorinated 20 showed the best results at 25 \u00b5M. Taken together, the data suggest that 10 and 20 are promising lead compounds for developing new neuroprotective agents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28124882","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,21]],"date-time":"2023-06-21T02:01:33Z","timestamp":1687312893000},"page":"4882","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Evaluation of Anti-Neuroinflammatory Activity of Isatin Derivatives in Activated Microglia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0648-8353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandro","family":"Cenalmor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarc\u00f3n, 28223 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Pascual","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarc\u00f3n, 28223 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2480-3628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergio","family":"Gil-Manso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immune-Regulation, Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n Health Research Institute (IISGM), 28009 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Correa-Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immune-Regulation, Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n Health Research Institute (IISGM), 28009 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9496-3275","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Ram\u00f3n","family":"Su\u00e1rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica en Ciencias Farmac\u00e9uticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Garc\u00eda-\u00c1lvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarc\u00f3n, 28223 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-020-00435-y","article-title":"Neuroinflammation and microglial activation in Alzheimer disease: Where do we go from here?","volume":"17","author":"Leng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. 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