{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:16:32Z","timestamp":1760148992033,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,25]],"date-time":"2023-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687651200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In many industrial fields, in medicine or pharmacy, there are used multi-component mixtures of surfactants as well as more and more often mixtures containing biosurfactants. Thus, in our study the mixtures of rhamnolipid (RL), ethanol (ET) and Triton X-165 (TX165) were applied. For these mixtures the surface tension of aqueous solutions with constant concentration and composition of ET and RL as well as the variable concentration of TX165 was measured. Based on the obtained results and the literature data, thermodynamic analyses of the adsorption process of ET, RL, TX165, binary mixtures of ET + RL, ET + TX165 and RL + TX165 as well as the ternary mixtures of RL + ET + TX165 at the water-air interface were made. This analysis allows to propose a new equation for calculation of the total ethanol concentration at the water-air interface using the Guggenheim-Adam adsorption isotherm. The constants in the Langmuir and Szyszkowski equations for each component of the studied mixtures as well as the composition of the mixed monolayer at the water-air interface were also successfully analysed based on the contribution of particular surface active compounds to the water surface tension reduction as well as based on the Frumkin isotherm of adsorption.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28134987","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,26]],"date-time":"2023-06-26T05:11:54Z","timestamp":1687756314000},"page":"4987","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Thermodynamic Characterization of Rhamnolipid, Triton X-165 and Ethanol as well as Their Mixture Behaviour at the Water-Air Interface"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7450-8507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Zdziennicka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Interfacial Phenomena, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sk\u0142odowska University in Lublin, Maria Curie-Sk\u0142odowska Sq. 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9207-444X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Luisa","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Mart\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Physics, University Institute of Extremadura Sanity Research (INUBE), Extremadura University, Avda. de Elvas, s\/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain"},{"name":"Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 06006 Badajoz, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edyta","family":"Rekiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Interfacial Phenomena, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sk\u0142odowska University in Lublin, Maria Curie-Sk\u0142odowska Sq. 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1791-2893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Szymczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Interfacial Phenomena, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sk\u0142odowska University in Lublin, Maria Curie-Sk\u0142odowska Sq. 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1254-9740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wojciech","family":"Zdziennicki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Clinical Hospital in Pozna\u0144, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8852-4495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bronis\u0142aw","family":"Ja\u0144czuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Interfacial Phenomena, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sk\u0142odowska University in Lublin, Maria Curie-Sk\u0142odowska Sq. 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rosen, M.J. 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