{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T11:17:50Z","timestamp":1790680670085,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,28]],"date-time":"2023-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687910400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Candidiasis is one of the most frequent infections worldwide. In this study, the antimicrobial properties of six strains belonging to the Metschnikowia pulcherrima clade were evaluated against twenty Candida and Candida-related Filobasidiella neoformans var. bacillispora (syn. Cryptococcus neoformans) of different origins, employing the agar cross method. The toxic effect of pulcherrimin, a red metabolite that is responsible for the antimicrobial activities of Metschnikowia spp., was evaluated in various experimental models. The results of agar tests showed that the selected M. pulcherrima strains inhibited the growth of the Candida and non-Candida strains. However, inhibition was dependent on the strain and the environment. The presence of peptone, sodium silicate, and a higher incubation temperature decreased the antifungal action of the M. pulcherrima strains. Pulcherrimin showed cytotoxic and antiproliferative activity, with oxidative stress in cells leading to apoptosis. More research is needed on the mechanism of action of pulcherrimin on somatic cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28135064","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,29]],"date-time":"2023-06-29T01:43:13Z","timestamp":1688002993000},"page":"5064","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The Metschnikowia pulcherrima Clade as a Model for Assessing Inhibition of Candida spp. and the Toxicity of Its Metabolite, Pulcherrimin"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4006-6464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dorota","family":"Kregiel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171\/173, 90-530 Lodz, Poland"},{"name":"Culture Collection of Yeasts, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, D\u00fabravsk\u00e1 Cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4013-513X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karolina H.","family":"Czarnecka-Chrebelska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine and Genetics, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 5, 92-215 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hana","family":"Schusterov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Culture Collection of Yeasts, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, D\u00fabravsk\u00e1 Cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1401-5604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ren\u00e1ta","family":"Vadkertiov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Culture Collection of Yeasts, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, D\u00fabravsk\u00e1 Cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1865-4833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriana","family":"Nowak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171\/173, 90-530 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1590\/1519-6984.175635","article-title":"Identification and susceptibility of clinical isolates of Candida spp. to killer toxins","volume":"78","year":"2018","journal-title":"Braz. 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