{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T21:13:42Z","timestamp":1791839622880,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,6]],"date-time":"2023-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688601600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82260743"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82260743"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2060302-2101-24"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2060302-2101-24"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202201AT070219"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202201AT070219"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202001AT070109"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202001AT070109"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202001AZ070001-009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202001AZ070001-009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202101AZ070001-014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202101AZ070001-014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["YNWR-QNBJ-2020-279"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YNWR-QNBJ-2020-279"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GHJD-2021030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GHJD-2021030"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202207AB110015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202207AB110015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020YGC01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YGC01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Key Project at Central Government Level: The Ability Establishment of Sustainable Use for Valuable Chinese Medicine Resources","award":["82260743"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82260743"]}]},{"name":"Key Project at Central Government Level: The Ability Establishment of Sustainable Use for Valuable Chinese Medicine Resources","award":["2060302-2101-24"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2060302-2101-24"]}]},{"name":"Key Project at Central Government Level: The Ability Establishment of Sustainable Use for Valuable Chinese Medicine Resources","award":["202201AT070219"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202201AT070219"]}]},{"name":"Key Project at Central Government Level: The Ability Establishment of Sustainable Use for Valuable Chinese Medicine Resources","award":["202001AT070109"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202001AT070109"]}]},{"name":"Key Project at Central Government Level: The Ability Establishment of Sustainable Use for Valuable Chinese Medicine Resources","award":["202001AZ070001-009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202001AZ070001-009"]}]},{"name":"Key Project at Central Government Level: The Ability Establishment of Sustainable Use for Valuable Chinese Medicine Resources","award":["202101AZ070001-014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202101AZ070001-014"]}]},{"name":"Key Project at Central Government Level: The Ability Establishment of Sustainable Use for Valuable Chinese Medicine Resources","award":["YNWR-QNBJ-2020-279"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YNWR-QNBJ-2020-279"]}]},{"name":"Key Project at Central Government Level: The Ability Establishment of Sustainable Use for Valuable Chinese Medicine Resources","award":["GHJD-2021030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GHJD-2021030"]}]},{"name":"Key Project at Central Government Level: The Ability Establishment of Sustainable Use for Valuable Chinese Medicine Resources","award":["202207AB110015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202207AB110015"]}]},{"name":"Key Project at Central Government Level: The Ability Establishment of Sustainable Use for Valuable Chinese Medicine Resources","award":["2020YGC01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YGC01"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects","award":["82260743"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82260743"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects","award":["2060302-2101-24"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2060302-2101-24"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects","award":["202201AT070219"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202201AT070219"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects","award":["202001AT070109"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202001AT070109"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects","award":["202001AZ070001-009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202001AZ070001-009"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects","award":["202101AZ070001-014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202101AZ070001-014"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects","award":["YNWR-QNBJ-2020-279"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YNWR-QNBJ-2020-279"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects","award":["GHJD-2021030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GHJD-2021030"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects","award":["202207AB110015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202207AB110015"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects","award":["2020YGC01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YGC01"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department, Applied Basic Research Joint Special Funds of Chinese Medicine","award":["82260743"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82260743"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department, Applied Basic Research Joint Special Funds of Chinese Medicine","award":["2060302-2101-24"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2060302-2101-24"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department, Applied Basic Research Joint Special Funds of Chinese Medicine","award":["202201AT070219"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202201AT070219"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department, Applied Basic Research Joint Special Funds of Chinese Medicine","award":["202001AT070109"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202001AT070109"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department, Applied Basic Research Joint Special Funds of Chinese Medicine","award":["202001AZ070001-009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202001AZ070001-009"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department, Applied Basic Research Joint Special Funds of Chinese Medicine","award":["202101AZ070001-014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202101AZ070001-014"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department, Applied Basic Research Joint Special Funds of Chinese Medicine","award":["YNWR-QNBJ-2020-279"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YNWR-QNBJ-2020-279"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department, Applied Basic Research Joint Special Funds of Chinese Medicine","award":["GHJD-2021030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GHJD-2021030"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department, Applied Basic Research Joint Special Funds of Chinese Medicine","award":["202207AB110015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202207AB110015"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department, Applied Basic Research Joint Special Funds of Chinese Medicine","award":["2020YGC01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YGC01"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Youth Talent Program, \u201cTen Thousand Plan\u201d","award":["82260743"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82260743"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Youth Talent Program, \u201cTen Thousand Plan\u201d","award":["2060302-2101-24"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2060302-2101-24"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Youth Talent Program, \u201cTen Thousand Plan\u201d","award":["202201AT070219"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202201AT070219"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Youth Talent Program, \u201cTen Thousand Plan\u201d","award":["202001AT070109"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202001AT070109"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Youth Talent Program, \u201cTen Thousand Plan\u201d","award":["202001AZ070001-009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202001AZ070001-009"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Youth Talent Program, \u201cTen Thousand Plan\u201d","award":["202101AZ070001-014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202101AZ070001-014"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Youth Talent Program, \u201cTen Thousand Plan\u201d","award":["YNWR-QNBJ-2020-279"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YNWR-QNBJ-2020-279"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Youth Talent Program, \u201cTen Thousand Plan\u201d","award":["GHJD-2021030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GHJD-2021030"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Youth Talent Program, \u201cTen Thousand Plan\u201d","award":["202207AB110015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202207AB110015"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Youth Talent Program, \u201cTen Thousand Plan\u201d","award":["2020YGC01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YGC01"]}]},{"name":"International (Foreign) Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Kunming City","award":["82260743"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82260743"]}]},{"name":"International (Foreign) Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Kunming City","award":["2060302-2101-24"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2060302-2101-24"]}]},{"name":"International (Foreign) Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Kunming City","award":["202201AT070219"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202201AT070219"]}]},{"name":"International (Foreign) Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Kunming City","award":["202001AT070109"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202001AT070109"]}]},{"name":"International (Foreign) Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Kunming City","award":["202001AZ070001-009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202001AZ070001-009"]}]},{"name":"International (Foreign) Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Kunming City","award":["202101AZ070001-014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202101AZ070001-014"]}]},{"name":"International (Foreign) Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Kunming City","award":["YNWR-QNBJ-2020-279"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YNWR-QNBJ-2020-279"]}]},{"name":"International (Foreign) Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Kunming City","award":["GHJD-2021030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GHJD-2021030"]}]},{"name":"International (Foreign) Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Kunming City","award":["202207AB110015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202207AB110015"]}]},{"name":"International (Foreign) Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Kunming City","award":["2020YGC01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YGC01"]}]},{"name":"Special Fund Project for Central Government Leading Local Science and Technology Development","award":["82260743"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82260743"]}]},{"name":"Special Fund Project for Central Government Leading Local Science and Technology Development","award":["2060302-2101-24"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2060302-2101-24"]}]},{"name":"Special Fund Project for Central Government Leading Local Science and Technology Development","award":["202201AT070219"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202201AT070219"]}]},{"name":"Special Fund Project for Central Government Leading Local Science and Technology Development","award":["202001AT070109"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202001AT070109"]}]},{"name":"Special Fund Project for Central Government Leading Local Science and Technology Development","award":["202001AZ070001-009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202001AZ070001-009"]}]},{"name":"Special Fund Project for Central Government Leading Local Science and Technology Development","award":["202101AZ070001-014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202101AZ070001-014"]}]},{"name":"Special Fund Project for Central Government Leading Local Science and Technology Development","award":["YNWR-QNBJ-2020-279"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YNWR-QNBJ-2020-279"]}]},{"name":"Special Fund Project for Central Government Leading Local Science and Technology Development","award":["GHJD-2021030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GHJD-2021030"]}]},{"name":"Special Fund Project for Central Government Leading Local Science and Technology Development","award":["202207AB110015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202207AB110015"]}]},{"name":"Special Fund Project for Central Government Leading Local Science and Technology Development","award":["2020YGC01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YGC01"]}]},{"name":"Medical Edible Flower Innovation Team of Yunnan Colleges and Universities","award":["82260743"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82260743"]}]},{"name":"Medical Edible Flower Innovation Team of Yunnan Colleges and Universities","award":["2060302-2101-24"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2060302-2101-24"]}]},{"name":"Medical Edible Flower Innovation Team of Yunnan Colleges and Universities","award":["202201AT070219"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202201AT070219"]}]},{"name":"Medical Edible Flower Innovation Team of Yunnan Colleges and Universities","award":["202001AT070109"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202001AT070109"]}]},{"name":"Medical Edible Flower Innovation Team of Yunnan Colleges and Universities","award":["202001AZ070001-009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202001AZ070001-009"]}]},{"name":"Medical Edible Flower Innovation Team of Yunnan Colleges and Universities","award":["202101AZ070001-014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202101AZ070001-014"]}]},{"name":"Medical Edible Flower Innovation Team of Yunnan Colleges and Universities","award":["YNWR-QNBJ-2020-279"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YNWR-QNBJ-2020-279"]}]},{"name":"Medical Edible Flower Innovation Team of Yunnan Colleges and Universities","award":["GHJD-2021030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GHJD-2021030"]}]},{"name":"Medical Edible Flower Innovation Team of Yunnan Colleges and Universities","award":["202207AB110015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202207AB110015"]}]},{"name":"Medical Edible Flower Innovation Team of Yunnan Colleges and Universities","award":["2020YGC01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YGC01"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The main purpose of this study was to reveal the nutritional value and antioxidant activity of 34 edible flowers that grew in Yunnan Province, China, through a comprehensive assessment of their nutritional composition and antioxidant indices. The results showed that sample A3 of Asteraceae flowers had the highest total flavonoid content, with a value of 8.53%, and the maximum contents of vitamin C and reducing sugars were from Rosaceae sample R1 and Gentianaceae sample G3, with values of 143.80 mg\/100 g and 7.82%, respectively. Samples R2 and R3 of Rosaceae were the top two flowers in terms of comprehensive nutritional quality. In addition, the antioxidant capacity of Rosaceae samples was evidently better than that of three others, in which Sample R1 had the maximum values in hydroxyl radical (\u00b7OH) scavenging and superoxide anion radical (\u00b7O2\u2212) scavenging rates, and samples R2 and R3 showed a high total antioxidant capacity and 2,2-diphenyl-1-pyridylhydrazine (DPPH) scavenging rate, respectively. Taken together, there were significant differences in the nutrient contents and antioxidant properties of these 34 flowers, and the comprehensive quality of Rosaceae samples was generally better than the other three families. This study provides references for 34 edible flowers to be used as dietary supplements and important sources of natural antioxidants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28135260","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,7]],"date-time":"2023-07-07T01:57:09Z","timestamp":1688695029000},"page":"5260","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Comprehensive Analysis of 34 Edible Flowers by the Determination of Nutritional Composition and Antioxidant Capacity Planted in Yunnan Province China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Xing-Kai","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guan-Hua","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Bi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Hai","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong-Mei","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia-Fang","family":"Zuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong-Dong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sen","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xu-Hong","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Science and Technology, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"197","article-title":"Nutritional content, functional properties and conservation of edible flowers","volume":"63","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch. Latinoam. De Nutr."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100078","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fufo.2021.100078","article-title":"A review on nutritional, bioactive, toxicological properties and preservation of edible flowers","volume":"4","author":"Purohit","year":"2021","journal-title":"Futur. Foods"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2011.04.006","article-title":"Fresh edible flowers of ornamental plants\u2014A new source of nutraceutical foods","volume":"22","author":"Mlcek","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2019.09.020","article-title":"Edible flowers: Emerging components in the diet","volume":"93","author":"Pires","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S130","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2015.1078276","article-title":"Phytochemical content, health benefits, and toxicology of common edible flowers: A review (2000\u20132015)","volume":"56","author":"Lu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfca.2017.03.017","article-title":"Edible flowers: A review of the nutritional, antioxidant, antimicrobial properties and effects on human health","volume":"60","author":"Fernandes","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Food Compos. Anal."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2013.04.005","article-title":"Aroma volatile components, fatty acids and antibacterial activity of four Tunisian Punica granatum L. flower cultivars","volume":"48","author":"Mekni","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ind. Crop. Prod."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/2193-1801-3-315","article-title":"Evaluation of antioxidant activities of extracts from 19 Chinese edible flowers","volume":"3","author":"Zeng","year":"2014","journal-title":"SpringerPlus"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2013.09.031","article-title":"Toxicological and pharmacological concerns on oxidative stress and related diseases","volume":"273","author":"Saeidnia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2013.10.022","article-title":"Total phenolic contents and antioxidant capacities of 51 edible and wild flowers","volume":"6","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Ngoitaku, C., Kwannate, P., and Riangwong, K. (2016, February 20). Total Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activities of Edible Flower Tea Products from Thailand. Available online: http:\/\/www.ifrj.upm.edu.my."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"26","article-title":"Determination of phytochemical and antioxidant activities in edible flowers","volume":"7","author":"Dhiman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Trop. Hortic."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shen, N., Wang, T., Gan, Q., Liu, S., Wang, L., and Jin, B. (2022). Plant flavonoids: Classification, distribution, biosynthesis, and antioxidant activity. Food Chem., 383.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2022.132531"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113683","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.113683","article-title":"Comprehensive evaluation on anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic activities in vitro of fourteen flavonoids from Daphne Genkwa based on the combination of efficacy coefficient method and principal component analysis","volume":"268","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"24","article-title":"Determination of the content of soluble sugar in sweet corn with optimized anthrone colorimetric method","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Storage Process"},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"319","article-title":"Physicochemical Characterization of Two Species of Wild Edible Mushrooms: Lentinus brunneofloccosus pegler and Auricularia auricularia judae","volume":"12","author":"Ekissi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Nutr. Sci."},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"Dumbrav\u0103, D.G., Moldovan, C., Raba, D.N., Popa, M.V., and & Drug\u0103, M. (2015, December 17). Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity, Polyphenols and Vitamin C Content of Some Exotic Fruits. Available online: https:\/\/journal-of-agroalimentary.ro."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"2173","article-title":"Extraction, Purification and Anti-Hyperlipidemic Activities of Total Flavonoids from Corn Silk","volume":"49","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pak. J. Zo\u00f6l."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1006\/abio.1996.0292","article-title":"The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of \u201cantioxidant power\u201d: The FRAP assay","volume":"239","author":"Benzie","year":"1996","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.15835\/nbha47111136","article-title":"Nutritional and Biological Value of Five Edible Flower Species","volume":"47","author":"Stefaniak","year":"2018","journal-title":"Not. Bot. Horti Agrobot. Cluj-Napoca"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2018.02.012","article-title":"Chemical composition and radical scavenging activity of Amygdalus pedunculata Pall leaves\u2019 essential oil","volume":"119","author":"Lu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2014.07.046","article-title":"Free-radical scavenging properties and antioxidant activities of botryosphaeran and some other \u03b2-D-glucans","volume":"72","author":"Giese","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2011.03.002","article-title":"Phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities of edible flowers from Thailand","volume":"3","author":"Kaisoon","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dujmovi\u0107, M., Radman, S., Opa\u010di\u0107, N., Uher, S.F., Mikuli\u010din, V., Vo\u0107a, S., and \u017dlabur, J. (2022). Edible Flower Species as a Promising Source of Specialized Metabolites. Plants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants11192529"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.21273\/HORTSCI13510-18","article-title":"Increasing Inflorescence Dry Weight and Cannabinoid Content in Medical Cannabis Using Controlled Drought Stress","volume":"54","author":"Caplan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hortscience"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.3746\/pnf.2019.24.2.171","article-title":"Primary Screening of Antioxidant Activity, Total Polyphenol Content, Carotenoid Content, and Nutritional Composition of 13 Edible Flowers from Japan","volume":"24","author":"Chensom","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prev. Nutr. Food Sci."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"1567","article-title":"Biological activities of flavonoids: An overview","volume":"10","author":"Karak","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Res."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.13670","article-title":"Moringa oleifera leaf flavonoids protect bovine mammary epithelial cells from hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in vitro","volume":"55","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reprod. Domest. Anim."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1080\/03036758.2022.2034654","article-title":"Flavonoids\u2013flowers, fruit, forage and the future","volume":"53","author":"Albert","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. R. Soc. N. Z."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2015.05.028","article-title":"Total phenolic, flavonoid and antioxidant activity of 23 edible flowers subjected to in vitro digestion","volume":"17","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref_31","unstructured":"Grzeszczuk, M., Stefaniak, A., and Pachlowska, A. (2023, May 29). Biological Value of Various Edible Flower Species. Available online: https:\/\/yadda.icm.edu.pl\/yadda\/element\/bwmeta1.element.agro-2ecbae33-5fda-4f44-9596-992ff4dfc153."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.12691\/jfnr-2-2-2","article-title":"Antioxidant Activities of Methanolic Extracts from Four Different Rose Cultivars","volume":"2","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Food Nutr. Res."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/S1382-6689(02)00003-0","article-title":"The pro-oxidant chemistry of the natural antioxidants vitamin C, vitamin E, carotenoids and flavonoids","volume":"11","author":"Rietjens","year":"2002","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2003.10719272","article-title":"Vitamin C as an Antioxidant: Evaluation of Its Role in Disease Prevention","volume":"22","author":"Padayatty","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nu.14.070194.002103","article-title":"Pharmacology of Vitamin C","volume":"14","year":"1994","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.3844\/ajeassp.2016.1003.1018","article-title":"We are Addicted to Vitamins C and E-A Review","volume":"9","author":"Aversa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Eng. Appl. Sci."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nie, Z., Wan, C., Chen, C., and Chen, J. (2019). Comprehensive Evaluation of the Postharvest Antioxidant Capacity of Majiayou Pomelo Harvested at Different Maturities Based on PCA. Antioxidants, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox8050136"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2015.12.052","article-title":"Antioxidant power, anthocyanin content and organoleptic performance of edible flowers","volume":"199","author":"Benvenuti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Hortic."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1524","DOI":"10.1080\/10942912.2018.1494195","article-title":"Total phenolics and antioxidants profiles of commonly consumed edible flowers in China","volume":"21","author":"Zheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Prop."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jin, N., Jin, L., Wang, S., Meng, X., Ma, X., He, X., Zhang, G., Luo, S., Lyu, J., and Yu, J. (2022). A Comprehensive Evaluation of Effects on Water-Level Deficits on Tomato Polyphenol Composition, Nutritional Quality and Antioxidant Capacity. Antioxidants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11081585"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1007\/s10681-015-1433-0","article-title":"Comprehensive evaluation and screening for chilling-tolerance in tomato lines at the seedling stage","volume":"205","author":"Cao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Euphytica"}],"container-title":["Molecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/28\/13\/5260\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T20:07:41Z","timestamp":1760126861000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/28\/13\/5260"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,6]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]}},"alternative-id":["molecules28135260"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules28135260","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-3049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1420-3049","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,6]]}}}