{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T04:55:04Z","timestamp":1771476904069,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,15]],"date-time":"2023-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689379200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Deanship of Scientific Research at the Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University","award":["RGP-1443-0050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGP-1443-0050"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Synthetic zeolite-A (ZA) was hybridized with two different biopolymers (chitosan and \u03b2-cyclodextrin) producing biocompatible chitosan\/zeolite-A (CS\/ZA) and \u03b2-cyclodextrin\/zeolite-A (CD\/ZA) biocomposites. The synthetic composites were assessed as bio-carriers of the 5-fluorouracil drug (5-Fu) with enhanced properties, highlighting the impact of the polymer type. The hybridization by the two biopolymers resulted in notable increases in the 5-Fu loading capacities, to 218.2 mg\/g (CS\/ZA) and 291.3 mg\/g (CD\/ZA), as compared to ZA (134.2 mg\/g). The loading behaviors using ZA as well as CS\/ZA and CD\/ZA were illustrated based on the classic kinetics properties of pseudo-first-order kinetics (R2 &gt; 0.95) and the traditional Langmuir isotherm (R2 = 0.99). CD\/ZA shows a significantly higher active site density (102.7 mg\/g) in comparison to CS\/ZA (64 mg\/g) and ZA (35.8 mg\/g). The number of loaded 5-Fu per site of ZA, CS\/ZA, and CD\/ZA (&gt;1) validates the vertical ordering of the loaded drug ions by multi-molecular processes. These processes are mainly physical mechanisms based on the determined Gaussian energy (&lt;8 kJ\/mol) and loading energy (&lt;40 kJ\/mol). Both the CS\/ZA and CD\/ZA 5-Fu release activities display continuous and controlled profiles up to 80 h, with CD\/ZA exhibiting much faster release. According to the release kinetics studies, the release processes contain non-Fickian transport release properties, suggesting cooperative diffusion and erosion release mechanisms. The cytotoxicity of 5-Fu is also significantly enhanced by these carriers: 5-Fu\/ZA (11.72% cell viability), 5-Fu\/CS\/ZA (5.43% cell viability), and 5-Fu\/CD\/ZA (1.83% cell viability).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28145427","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,17]],"date-time":"2023-07-17T00:56:47Z","timestamp":1689555407000},"page":"5427","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Insights into the Effect of Chitosan and \u03b2-Cyclodextrin Hybridization of Zeolite-A on Its Physicochemical and Cytotoxic Properties as a Bio-Carrier for 5-Fluorouracil: Equilibrium and Release Kinetics Studies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0043-0847","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mashael D.","family":"Alqahtani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3017-9924","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"May N.","family":"Bin Jumah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saleha A.","family":"AlZahrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed A.","family":"Allam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 65211, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5404-7996","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mostafa R.","family":"Abukhadra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 65211, Egypt"},{"name":"Materials Technologies and Their Applications Lab, Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 65211, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0326-6368","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Bellucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via E. 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