{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T03:40:05Z","timestamp":1782099605740,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,18]],"date-time":"2023-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689638400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Epinephrine (EP, also called adrenaline) is a compound belonging to the catecholamine neurotransmitter family. It can cause neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer\u2019s disease, Parkinson\u2019s disease, Huntington\u2019s disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. This work describes an amperometric sensor for the electroanalytical detection of EP by using an inkjet-printed graphene electrode (IPGE) that has been chemically modified by a thin layer of a laponite (La) clay mineral. The ion exchange properties and permeability of the chemically modified electrode (denoted La\/IPGE) were evaluated using multi-sweep cyclic voltammetry, while its charge transfer resistance was determined by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results showed that La\/IPGE exhibited higher sensitivity to EP compared to the bare IPGE. The developed sensor was directly applied for the determination of EP in aqueous solution using differential pulse voltammetry. Under optimized conditions, a linear calibration graph was obtained in the concentration range between 0.8 \u00b5M and 10 \u03bcM. The anodic peak current of EP was directly proportional to its concentration, leading to detection limits of 0.34 \u03bcM and 0.26 \u03bcM with bare IPGE and La\/IPGE, respectively. The sensor was successfully applied for the determination of EP in pharmaceutical preparations. Recovery rates and the effects of interfering species on the detection of EP were evaluated to highlight the selectivity of the elaborated sensor.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28145487","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]],"date-time":"2023-07-19T01:02:23Z","timestamp":1689728543000},"page":"5487","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Electrochemical Determination of Epinephrine in Pharmaceutical Preparation Using Laponite Clay-Modified Graphene Inkjet-Printed Electrode"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Chancellin","family":"Pecheu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrochemistry and Chemistry of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Dschang, Dschang P.O. Box 67, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0527-3380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victor","family":"Tchieda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrochemistry and Chemistry of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Dschang, Dschang P.O. Box 67, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9183-7524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin","family":"Tajeu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrochemistry and Chemistry of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Dschang, Dschang P.O. Box 67, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3279-8139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sherman","family":"Jiokeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrochemistry and Chemistry of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Dschang, Dschang P.O. Box 67, Cameroon"},{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universit\u00e4t D\u00fcsseldorf, 40204 D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4995-2251","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Lesch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Chemistry \u201cToso Montanari\u201d, University of Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9794-788X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ignas","family":"Tonle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrochemistry and Chemistry of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Dschang, Dschang P.O. Box 67, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5436-8909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Ngameni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Yaounde 1, Yaounde P.O. Box 812, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6288-9605","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoph","family":"Janiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universit\u00e4t D\u00fcsseldorf, 40204 D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1510","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.2600651023","article-title":"Prodrug approaches to enhancement of physicochemical properties of drugs IV: Novel epinephrine prodrug","volume":"65","author":"Hussain","year":"1976","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.47.2.249","article-title":"Epinephrine and the carotid sinus baroreceptor reflex. 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