{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:58:13Z","timestamp":1787029093296,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":113,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,24]],"date-time":"2023-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690156800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University","award":["RGP2\/362\/44"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGP2\/362\/44"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sedatives promote calmness or sleepiness during surgery or severely stressful events. In addition, depression is a mental health issue that negatively affects emotional well-being. A group of drugs called anti-depressants is used to treat major depressive illnesses. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the effects of quercetin (QUR) and linalool (LIN) on thiopental sodium (TS)-induced sleeping mice and to investigate the combined effects of these compounds using a conventional co-treatment strategy and in silico studies. For this, the TS-induced sleeping mice were monitored to compare the occurrence, latency, and duration of the sleep-in response to QUR (10, 25, 50 mg\/kg), LIN (10, 25, 50 mg\/kg), and diazepam (DZP, 3 mg\/kg, i.p.). Moreover, an in silico investigation was undertaken to assess this study\u2019s putative modulatory sedation mechanism. For this, we observed the ability of test and standard medications to interact with various gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor (GABAA) subunits. Results revealed that QUR and LIN cause dose-dependent antidepressant-like and sedative-like effects in animals, respectively. In addition, QUR-50 mg\/kg and LIN-50 mg\/kg and\/or DZP-3 mg\/kg combined were associated with an increased latency period and reduced sleeping times in animals. Results of the in silico studies demonstrated that QUR has better binding interaction with GABAA \u03b13, \u03b21, and \u03b32 subunits when compared with DZP, whereas LIN showed moderate affinity with the GABAA receptor. Taken together, the sleep duration of LIN and DZP is opposed by QUR in TS-induced sleeping mice, suggesting that QUR may be responsible for providing sedation-antagonizing effects through the GABAergic interaction pathway.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28145616","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,25]],"date-time":"2023-07-25T01:32:10Z","timestamp":1690248730000},"page":"5616","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Quercetin Antagonizes the Sedative Effects of Linalool, Possibly through the GABAergic Interaction Pathway"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1148-2944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehedi Hasan","family":"Bappi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2444-5544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdullah Al Shamsh","family":"Prottay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1333-9188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hossam","family":"Kamli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-6780-5639","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatema Akter","family":"Sonia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4206-6129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md. Nayem","family":"Mia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5420-9924","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md. Showkoth","family":"Akbor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9999-9576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md. Munnaf","family":"Hossen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samir","family":"Awadallah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Lab Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Zarqa University, Zarqa 13110, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9782-0835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad S.","family":"Mubarak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0034-8202","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Torequl","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.13838","article-title":"Global burden of sleep-disordered breathing and its implications","volume":"25","author":"Lyons","year":"2020","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-019-01780-z","article-title":"Physical activity and sleep quality in relation to mental health among college students","volume":"23","author":"Ghrouz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sleep Breath."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/s13020-023-00735-7","article-title":"Neurobiological effects of gallic acid: Current perspectives","volume":"18","author":"Bhuia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin. 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