{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T20:24:47Z","timestamp":1782937487357,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,29]],"date-time":"2023-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690588800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021YFE0202100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFE0202100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MHX\/002\/20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MHX\/002\/20"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Mainland-Hong Kong Joint Funding Scheme","award":["2021YFE0202100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFE0202100"]}]},{"name":"Mainland-Hong Kong Joint Funding Scheme","award":["MHX\/002\/20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MHX\/002\/20"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Secoisolariciresinol (SECO) is one of the major lignans occurring in various grains, seeds, fruits, and vegetables. The gut microbiota plays an important role in the biotransformation of dietary lignans into enterolignans, which might exhibit more potent bioactivities than the precursor lignans. This study aimed to identify, synthesize, and evaluate the microbial metabolites of SECO and to develop efficient lead compounds from the metabolites for the treatment of osteoporosis. SECO was fermented with human gut microbiota in anaerobic or micro-aerobic environments at different time points. Samples derived from microbial transformation were analyzed using an untargeted metabolomics approach for metabolite identification. Nine metabolites were identified and synthesized. Their effects on cell viability, osteoblastic differentiation, and gene expression were examined. The results showed that five of the microbial metabolites exerted potential osteogenic effects similar to those of SECO or better. The results suggested that the enterolignans might account for the osteoporotic effects of SECO in vivo. Thus, the presence of the gut microbiota could offer a good way to form diverse enterolignans with bone-protective effects. The current study improves our understanding of the microbial transformation products of SECO and provides new approaches for new candidate identification in the treatment of osteoporosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28155742","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]],"date-time":"2023-07-31T02:13:32Z","timestamp":1690769612000},"page":"5742","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Identification of the Microbial Transformation Products of Secoisolariciresinol Using an Untargeted Metabolomics Approach and Evaluation of the Osteogenic Activities of the Metabolites"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Wen-Xuan","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hok-Him","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun-Jie","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Increasepharm (Tianjin) Innovative Medicine Institute Limited, Tianjin 300382, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7501-7112","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hui-Hui","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation), Shenzhen Research Institute of the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Shenzhen 518057, China"},{"name":"Research 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China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsz-Hung","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li-Ping","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Chinese Medicine Innovation, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8306-1826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jia-Chi","family":"Chiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China"},{"name":"Research Institute for Future Food, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun-Fai","family":"Kung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Increasepharm (HK) Limited, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6677-2949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kam-Wah","family":"Mok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation), Shenzhen Research Institute of the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Shenzhen 518057, China"},{"name":"Research Centre for Chinese Medicine Innovation, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, 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