{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:25:39Z","timestamp":1760149539121,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Antimetabolites, especially 5-fluorouracil, are commonly used clinically to treat breast, colon, and other cancers. However, their side effects and inefficiency in monotherapy have prompted further searches for new combinations. Thus, the anticancer effect of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and the sulforaphane analogue, 4-isoselenocyanato-1-butyl 4\u2032-fluorobenzyl sulfoxide (ISC), were tested in in vitro and in vivo models of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) as a new option for this treatment-resistant and aggressive type of breast cancer. A synergic interaction between 5-FU and ISC was observed in the TNBC in vitro model MDA-MB-231 cell line, which led to enhanced antiproliferative effects. The results of in vitro studies were confirmed by in vivo tests, which demonstrated stronger tumor growth inhibition and additive interactions between 5-FU and ISC in the murine TNBC model. Moreover, the results of the body mass and blood analysis showed the safety of the tested combination. The mechanistic study revealed that the combined treatment triggered apoptosis and necrosis, as well as inhibited cell migration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28155808","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]],"date-time":"2023-08-02T11:17:17Z","timestamp":1690975037000},"page":"5808","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["An Organofluorine Isoselenocyanate Analogue of Sulforaphane Affects Antimetabolite 5-Fluorouracil\u2019s Anticancer Activity: A Perspective for New Combinatory Therapy in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1209-9477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Milczarek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Translation Research, Department of Biomedical Research, National Medicines Institute, Che\u0142mska 30\/34, 00-725 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomasz","family":"Cierpia\u0142","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Organic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Kie\u0142basi\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Organic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5291-749X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milena","family":"Ma\u0142ecka-Gie\u0142dowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Stefana Banacha 1A, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"Central Laboratory, Central Teaching Hospital University Clinical Center, Medical University of Warsaw, Stefana Banacha 1A, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"\u015awitalska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Rudolfa Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4980-6606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna","family":"Wietrzyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Rudolfa Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9197-5553","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maciej","family":"Mazur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Ludwika Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2731-9535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Wiktorska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Translation Research, Department of Biomedical Research, National Medicines Institute, Che\u0142mska 30\/34, 00-725 Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Physics and Biophysics, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences\u2014SGGW, Nowoursynowska 166, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112844","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.112844","article-title":"Synergistic Effect of Antimetabolic and Chemotherapy Drugs in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer","volume":"149","author":"Arias","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomed. 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