{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T05:57:49Z","timestamp":1790834269312,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,5]],"date-time":"2023-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691193600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The purpose of this study was to enhance the antimicrobial activity of bagasse paper by coating the paper with bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) and using it to accelerate the process of wound healing. Paper sheets were prepared from sugarcane waste (bagasse). First, the paper sheets were coated with different Bi2O3 concentrations to improve the antimicrobial activity of the paper. After that, the paper sheets were allowed to dry in an oven at 50 \u00b0C for 3 h. Then, in vitro antimicrobial activity was evaluated against different microbial species, including Gram-negative bacteria (i.e., Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive bacteria (i.e., Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes). The obtained results showed that the paper coated with 25% and 100% Bi2O3 had activity against all models of bacteria; however, the paper coated with 100% Bi2O3 composite had the strongest inhibitory effect. Then, bagasse paper was coated with 100% Bi2O3 and different antibiotics, to investigate their wound-healing potency in a wounded rat model for 14 days. Moreover, the paper coated with 100% Bi2O3 inhibited the cellular migration in vitro. Conclusively, coating paper with Bi2O3 enhances the wound-healing potential when applied to wounds. This impact could be ascribed to Bi2O3\u2019s broad antibacterial activity, which reduced infection and accelerated the healing process.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28155900","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,5]],"date-time":"2023-08-05T10:25:36Z","timestamp":1691231136000},"page":"5900","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Bismuth Oxide Composite-Based Agricultural Waste for Wound Dressing Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6860-4762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mayar","family":"Hassan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21321, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Diab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Centre, Cellulose and Paper Department, 33El-Bohouth St. (Former El-Tahrir St.), Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miral","family":"Abd El-Wahab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence for Drug Preclinical Studies (CE-DPS), Pharmaceutical and Fermentation, Industries Development Centre (PFIDC), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El Arab 21934, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdelrahman","family":"Hegazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21321, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9231-3850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdul-Hamid","family":"Emwas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Core Labs., King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariusz","family":"Jaremko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Smart-Health Initiative (SHI) and Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0169-7738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed","family":"Hagar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21321, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamerican0688-82","article-title":"Bacteria as multicellular organisms","volume":"258","author":"Shapiro","year":"1988","journal-title":"Sci. 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