{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T01:23:27Z","timestamp":1791249807376,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,10]],"date-time":"2023-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691625600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Nr. 1.1.1.1\/20\/A\/035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Nr. 1.1.1.1\/20\/A\/035"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The human body releases numerous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) through tissues and various body fluids, including breath. These compounds form a specific chemical profile that may be used to detect the colorectal cancer CRC-related changes in human metabolism and thereby diagnose this type of cancer. The main goal of this study was to investigate the volatile signatures formed by VOCs released from the CRC tissue. For this purpose, headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was applied. In total, 163 compounds were detected. Both cancerous and non-cancerous tissues emitted 138 common VOCs. Ten volatiles (2-butanone; dodecane; benzaldehyde; pyridine; octane; 2-pentanone; toluene; p-xylene; n-pentane; 2-methyl-2-propanol) occurred in at least 90% of both types of samples; 1-propanol in cancer tissue (86% in normal one), acetone in normal tissue (82% in cancer one). Four compounds (1-propanol, pyridine, isoprene, methyl thiolacetate) were found to have increased emissions from cancer tissue, whereas eleven showed reduced release from this type of tissue (2-butanone; 2-pentanone; 2-methyl-2-propanol; ethyl acetate; 3-methyl-1-butanol; d-limonene; tetradecane; dodecanal; tridecane; 2-ethyl-1-hexanol; cyclohexanone). The outcomes of this study provide evidence that the VOCs signature of the CRC tissue is altered by the CRC. The volatile constituents of this distinct signature can be emitted through exhalation and serve as potential biomarkers for identifying the presence of CRC. Reliable identification of the VOCs associated with CRC is essential to guide and tune the development of advanced sensor technologies that can effectively and sensitively detect and quantify these markers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28165990","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,10]],"date-time":"2023-08-10T10:52:40Z","timestamp":1691664760000},"page":"5990","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Identification of Volatile Markers of Colorectal Cancer from Tumor Tissues Using Volatilomic Approach"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7765-852X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linda","family":"Mezmale","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1586 Riga, Latvia"},{"name":"Riga East University Hospital, LV-1038 Riga, Latvia"},{"name":"Faculty of Residency, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0319-8855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcis","family":"Leja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1586 Riga, Latvia"},{"name":"Riga East University Hospital, LV-1038 Riga, Latvia"},{"name":"Digestive Diseases Centre GASTRO, LV-1079 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna Marija","family":"Lescinska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1586 Riga, Latvia"},{"name":"Riga East University Hospital, LV-1038 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrejs","family":"P\u010dolkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1586 Riga, Latvia"},{"name":"Riga East University Hospital, LV-1038 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elina","family":"Kononova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1586 Riga, Latvia"},{"name":"Faculty of Residency, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inga","family":"Bogdanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1586 Riga, Latvia"},{"name":"Riga East University Hospital, LV-1038 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9892-7765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Inese","family":"Polaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1586 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilmars","family":"Stonans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1586 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1252-0623","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arnis","family":"Kirsners","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1586 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3592-2059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clemens","family":"Ager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Breath Research, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Dornbirn, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pawel","family":"Mochalski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1586 Riga, Latvia"},{"name":"Institute for Breath Research, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Dornbirn, Austria"},{"name":"Institute of Chemistry, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, 25-369 Kielce, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2023, May 07). 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